Fifth Amendment Privilege Taking The Fifth - 1657 Words

The Fifth Amendment Privilege: taking the Fifth The Fifth Amendment is located within the constitution of the United States of America. It consists of five well know clauses. Amendment V states: â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of live or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.† Within this report is the answer to questions such as; what is the Fifth Amendment, why was it created, what groups or induvial opposed and favored the amendment, and are there any groups who want to modify or repeal this amendment. Following these questions along with all clauses line for line comma to comma will be interpreted. It is imperative to know that the Fifth Amendment is used as a protective shield from arbitrary ways of government for this is the people’s interpretation. The historical roots of the American Bill of Rights come from two concepts: liberty and republicanism. Both liberty and republicanism are intertwined. At their roots, they are regularized constructs designed to achieve aShow MoreRelatedImportance Of The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 PagesFifth Amendment Amendments in the Constitution are giving people, Americans the rights to have freedom and showing that from the Constitution. The rights that we as people have in our lives to speak up, and stand up for what we believe in.â€Å"U.S Constitution established Americans national government laws, and guaranteed basic rights for citizens†( The U.S Constitutions). Ten amendments were ratified by the states, there are twenty seven amendments in the constitution of the United States. All AmendmentsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Fifth Amendment1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution has Fifth Amendment also called as Amendment V which is part of Bill of Rights. It protects people from being forcibly witness against themselves in criminal cases. Pleading the Fifth is an everyday term for summoning the correct that enables observers to decrease to answer questions where the appropriate responses may implicate them, and by and large without suffering a punishment for stating the right. This evidentiary benefit guarantees that respondents cant beRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment : The Fourth Amendment1681 Words   |  7 PagesFifth Amendment The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) which is followed by the United States Constitution belongs to the part of the Bill of Rights and will protect each and every individual from being compelled to witnesses against themselves in all sorts of criminal cases. Pleading the Fifth is a sort of informal term used generally for invoking the right which allows the witnesses to decline the chance of answering the questions which may lead the answers that might incriminate them, and basicallyRead MoreShould The Fifth Amendment Cover Fair Pay?950 Words   |  4 Pagesthese restrictions impeded their use of the property, or damaged its value, they began to argue that these restrictions also constituted a taking of their land requiring adequate compensation. At first, the courts were reluctant to hear these claims. Over time, however, courts began to recognize them, adding a new dimension to the law of eminent domain. Fifth Amendment cover Fair pay is ordinarily decided utilizing the market estima tion of the land, that is, the price for which the landowner could reasonablyRead MoreThe Historical Roots Of The American Bill Of Rights1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdefence against fines, imprisonment, whipping posts, gibbets, bastinadoes and racks. The Fifth Amendment is located in the bill of rights and consist of some well-known clauses such as: Grand jury indictment, Double jeopardy protections, Privilege against comparative self-incrimination, Due process clause, and the takings clause. Grand jury indictment clause is the first criminal procedure in the Fifth Amendment. A grand jury is a panel of citizens that hears evidence that the prosecutor has againstRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment : Self-Incrimination In The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Fifth Amendment is Self-Incrimination, stating â€Å"No person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself....†. This clause specifies that a person cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself; yet, this does not limited police-interrogation. A testimonial through threatened loss of government employment or guilt from silence can be used as evidence. Witnesses and evidence must be presented during the trial. This is often known as taking the fifth. OneRead MorePros And Cons Of The Fifth Amendment1366 Words   |  6 PagesAmendment The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) which is followed by the United States Constitution belongs to the part of the Bill of Rights and will protect each and every individual from being compelled to witnesses against themselves in all sorts of criminal cases. Pleading the Fifth is a sort of informal term used generally for invoking the right which allows the witnesses to decline the chance of answering the questions which may lead the answers that might incriminate them, and basically itRead MoreThe On The American Criminal Jurisprudence1673 Words   |  7 Pages1. BACKGROUND The background of the case rotates in depth on issues pertinent to the rights to be granted an attorney and self-incrimination as enshrined in the 5th amendment under the United States constitution. The 5th amendment privilege in text provides that, no suspect will be compelled to answer for any capital or infamous crime, unless directed or indicated by the relevant Grand Jury. The only exception being granted to ceases in land and naval spaces that fall under the militia sphere ofRead MoreThe Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona in 1966 affected the rights of the accused and the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesability to retain a lawyer, a lawyer will be appointed to represent you before any questioning, and to be present with you during any questioning.† The court established new guidelines to ensure that the individual is accorded to his privilege under the Fifth Amendment not to be compelled to incriminate himself. Before the case, it was unclear what rights criminal suspects had when taken down to the police station, so the police did little to clarify the situation, which means they acted as if theyRead MoreThe 5th Amendment706 Words   |  3 PagesThe 5th Amendment Basically, the 5th Amendment states that no one shall be charged with capital crimes without a Grand Jurys permission, except in cases regarding the military while under service in wartime or public danger. No one can be put on trial again for the same crime. You cant be forced to testify yourself. That no one should be executed, jailed, or have property seized without a legal precedent. Also you cant be put through cruel or unusually punishment.

The Colonialism Effect Of Africa - 1002 Words

The Colonialism Effect of Africa As the world races for its place in history, many continents excel on their mark on the map. It is because Africa was in the right place, but in a different time they were taken advantage of their glory. Although it is difficult for Africa to retrace and reclaim its memoirs, it has an origin that had existed before colonialism. The attempt of challenging modern history has desperately provided an economical realm that extracts and injects into Africa resources. Due to various cultural differences from external forces Africa has prevailed. Uniquely enough, the major problems seeded from colonialism had gradually disrupted the progression of billions of Africans living in various societies. As functional as†¦show more content†¦Even though African societies existed in a peaceful and prosperous state before colonialism the slow interactions than in turn intersected regional and cultural diversity. In a few cases, indigenous communities had in fact been better off before colonia lism. It is important to understand the issues that are represented in African history because of the effects it has globally. The power surge of colonialism changed the lives of billions who were affected by its brute force. Even so the perception of Africa is an indigenous society, even till this day it has casted a shadow on its realities. Within the transition of European settlements in the early nineteenth century, Europeans wanted to change African societies because of its unusual methods. In this case, Europeans, found African norms unusual and ineffective when actually Africans had thrived in a social order. Furthermore, African societies had proved as a type of utopia of their own ‘Checks Balances’ in which benefited everyone. In some cases, the form of currency had rendered useless until capital investment were placed on Africa’s resources, including young men used for the transatlantic slave trade and the discovery of oil. As the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1919, it had created a power vacuum leaving Africa opened for grabs. Territories had than became inherited by the control of Europeans.Show MoreRelatedAfrican Colonialism And Its Effects On Africa1669 Words   |  7 Pagesinto, this happened to many places including Africa. Colonialism was a time when countries took control of another land, which they then governed through direct or indirect rule depending on the country. During this time, Africa was most sought after due to its resources and its uninhabited land. Due to this, all colonial powers scrambled to get their hands on a piece of Africa in order to expand their areas of rule. As a result of the scramble for Africa the Berlin Conference was held. At this conferenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Colonialism And Western Powers On Africa890 Words   |  4 PagesAfrica has a complex history that has contributed to its current state, that to some seems hopeless and for others an opportunity for rebuilding and renewal in the continent. With the influences of colonialism and western powers the complete system of African cultures have been restructured and globalized. This has had negative and positive effects on the people of Africa, its economy and government. After colonialism, relationships between states have still remained and Western powers are a dominateRead MoreThe Long Lasting Effects Of Colonialism On Africa1666 Words   |  7 Pageslasting effects Africa endured due to imperialism. The illustration shows the countries that were involved in colonizing Africa and what they contributed to how the continent is prospering currently. Also, the cartoon shows how severely the presence of imperialism affected Africa. For instance, when countries exploited Africa during 1880-1913, the people who inhabited the land experienced poverty and starvation due to countries claiming and controlling their land. During the scramble of Africa, countriesRead MoreImapct of Colonialism on Africa889 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF COLONIALISM ON AFRICA In this view of the circumstances that existed during history in regards to colonial Africa. I venture to examine how colonialism is viewed, introducing you to a variety of texts which expose you to different views and debates about what Africa may well have been like today, had the colonization never taken place. The African resistance to colonialism put another perspective on the colonization of Africa by the Europeans and the Western influence Africa faced. EachRead MoreAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical effect of colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part Africa by examiningRead MoreAfrican Perspectives On Colonialism By Adu Boahen1138 Words   |  5 PagesHistory 108 Section G 4/23/15 â€Å"African Perspectives on Colonialism† is a book written by A. Adu Boahen. This book classifies the African responses to European colonialism in the 19th century. Boahen begins with the status of Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century and follows through the first years of African independence. This book deals with a twenty year time period between 1880 and 1900. Boahen talks about when Africa was seized and occupied by the Imperial Powers of Europe. EurocentricRead MoreInfluential Colonisation And Its Impact On Contemporary Africa1507 Words   |  7 PagesOutlined by this quote, that although in terms of times colonialism is a small section of African history, it has left an imprint throughout the continent. This essay will look at how influential colonisation is in contemporary Africa, there are two main groups of scholars who argue how influential colonialism was in Africa the first is outlined by Gann and Duigan and they hold the view that the colo nial era was ‘the most decisive for the future of Africa’. The alternative school of thought is held by BritishRead MoreSimilarities Between Imperialism And Post Colonialism1606 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, colonialism, and post colonialism are all a very important part of history. Each of these are present in the writings for the topic of the essay. The three writings that will be discussed are Clarice Lispectors The Smallest Woman In The World, Jamaica Kincaids On Seeing England For The First Time, and Civil Peace by Chinua Achebe. Each of these writings give great examples of imperialism, colonialism, and post colonialism through different perspectives and from different parts ofRead MoreComparison of Patons Cry, The Beloved Country and Conrads Heart of Darkness1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn Cry, the beloved country, Alan Paton tells the story of his journey across Africa, his experiences with the colonized Africa, and the destruction of the beautiful, pre-c olonialism native land of Africa. Heart of Darkness also tells the story of a man and his experiences with colonialism, but a man who comes from a different time period and a very different background than Alan Paton’s Stephen Kumalo. Although, both Joseph Conrad and Alan Paton portray the colonized areas as very negative, deathRead MoreColonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless800 Words   |  4 PagesColonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless cultures, languages, and traditions. Over the past 500 years there have been different phases of colonization in Africa as well as other various parts of earth. There were many reasons behind exploration and colonization including economic and tactical reasons, religion, and prestige. Colonialism has shaped the contemporary understanding of individuals from Niger as well as other parts of Africa and other places

Lanfills Essay Example For Students

Lanfills Essay It has long been believed that the largest entity brought upon the Earth byhumankind is the Pyramid of the Sun, constructed in Mexico around the startof the Christian era. The mammoth structure commands nearly thirty millioncubic feet of space. In contrast, however, is the Durham Road Landfill,outside San Francisco, which occupies over seventy million cubic feet of thebiosphere. It is a sad monument, indeed, to the excesses of modern society. One might assume such a monstrous mound of garbage is thelargest thing ever produced by human hands. Unhappily, this is not the case. The Fresh Kills Landfill, located on Staten Island, is the largest landfillin the world. It sports an elevation of 155 feet, an estimated mass of 100million tons, and a volume of 2.9 billion cubic feet. In total acreage, itis equal to 16,000 baseball diamonds . By the year 2005, whenthe landfill is projected to close, its elevation will reach 505 feet abovesea level, making it the highest point along the Eastern Seaboard, Floridato Maine. At that height, the mound will constitute a hazard to air trafficat Newark airport . Fresh Kills (Kills is from the Dutch word for creek) was originally a tidalmarsh. In 1948, New York City planner Robert Moses developed a highlypraised project to deposit municipal garbage in the swamp until the level ofthe land was above sea level. A study of the area predicted the marsh wouldbe filled by the year 1968. He then planned to develop the area, buildinghouses and attracting light industry. Mayor Impelliteri issued a reporttitled The Fresh Kills Landfill Project in 1951. The report stated, inpart, that the enterprise cannot fail to affect constructively a wide areaaround it. The report ended by stating, It is at once practical andidealistic . One must appreciate the irony in the fact thatRobert Moses was, in his day, considered a leading conservationist. Hismajor accomplishments include asphalt parking lots throughout the New Yorkmetro area, paved roads in and out of city parks, and development of JonesBeach, now the most polluted, dirty, overcrowded piece of shoreline in theNortheast. In Stewart Udalls book The Quiet Crisis, the former Secretary ofthe Interior lavishes praise on Moses. The JFK cabinet member calls JonesBeach an imaginative solution (the) supreme answer to the ever-presentproblems of overcrowding . JFKs introduction to the bookprovides this foreboding passage: Each generation must deal anew with theraiders, with the scramble to use public resources for private profit, andwith the tendency to prefer short-run profits to long-run necessities. Thecrisis may be quiet, but it is urgent . Oddly, the subject oflandfills is never broached in Udalls book; in 1963, the issue was, infact, a non-issue. A modern state-of-the-art sanitary landfill is a graveyard for garbage,where deposited wastes are compacted, spread in thin layers, and covereddaily with clay or synthetic foam. The modern landfill is lined withmultiple, impermeable layers of clay, sand, and plastic before any garbageis deposited. This liner prevents liquids, called leachates, frompercolating into the groundwater. Leachates result from rain water mixingwith fluids in the garbage, making a highly toxic juice containing inks,heavy metals, and other poisonous compounds. Ideally, leachates are pumpedup from collection points along the bottom of the landfill and eithershipped to liquid waste disposal points or re-introduced into the upperlayers of garbage, to resume the cycle. Unfortunately, most landfills haveno such pumping system . Until the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency by Nixon in 1970,there were virtually no regulations governing the construction, operation,and closure of landfills. As a result, 85 percent of all landfills extant inthis country are unlined. Many are located in close proximity to aquifers orother groundwater features, or near geologically unstable sites. Many olderlandfills are leaching toxins into our water supply at this very moment,with no way to stop them. For example, the Fresh Kills landfill leaks anestimated one million gallons of toxic ooze into the surrounding water tableevery day . Sanitary landfills do offer certain advantages. .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .postImageUrl , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:hover , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:visited , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:active { border:0!important; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:active , .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736 .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58e26765236fede72a9a8c167ba6d736:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Patterns of Child Development EssayOffensive odors, the mainstay of the old city dump, are dramatically reducedby the daily cover of clay or other material. Vermin and insects, both ofthe terrestrial and airborne varieties, are denied a free meal and theopportunity to spread disease, by the daily clay layer. Furthermore, modernlandfills are less of an eyesore than their counterparts of yore. However,the causality of these positive affects are the very reasons for some of thesignificant drawbacks to landfills . The daily compactingand covering of the garbage deposits effectively squeezes the availableoxygen out of the material. Whatever aerobic bacteria are present in thega rbage are soon suffocated and decomposition stops. Anaerobic bacteria, bytheir very nature, are not present in appreciable numbers in our biosphere. What few manage to enter and survive in the garbage deposits are slow-actingand perform little in the way of breaking down the materials. In otherwords, rather than the giant compost heap most people imagine, a landfill isactually a huge mummification center. Hot dogs and bananas, decades old,have been recovered from landfills, still recognizable in their mummifiedsplendor . What little decomposition does occur in landfillsgenerates vast amounts of methane gas, one of the significant greenhouseeffect gasses. Some landfills have built-in processes to reclaim themethane. The Fresh Kills landfill pipes methane gas directly into thousandsof homes, but in most instances, the gas is either burned off or leakeddirectly into the atmosphere. Based on ice core samples from Antarctica, themethane concentration in the Earths atmosphere, over the past 160,000years, has fluctuated between 0.3 and 0.7 parts per million. In 1987, themethane count was 1.7 ppm . The modern landfill is not alone in its defiance of decomposition. Theexcavation in 1884 of an ancient Roman dump had to be halted periodically sothe workers could get fresh air, so unbearable was the stench from thestill-extant refuse . In todays landfills, decomposition isnegligible. While the total tonnage of garbage decreases over years, duemostly to dessication, the volume varies less than ten percent. Most of theactual short-term rotting is from scraps of prepared food. Plasticsbiodegrade not at all. Biodegradable plastic is an oxymoron at best; themost unstable plastic requires intense sunlight to decompose, and sunlightis denied in a sanitary landfill. Newspapers from before World War Two arestill readable; they have, in fact, become important date markers forscientists examining garbage strata in landfills . The public is sadly misinformed as to what comprises the bulk of municipalgarbage. A typical survey shows that the average American sees thedisposable diaper as the number one culprit for the premature closing of ourlandfills. This is a sad and costly misconception. According to the mostrecent scientific studies, disposable diapers account for only 0.53 to 1.28percent of all landfill deposits, by volume . If burning garbage and dumping garbage at sea are unacceptable, what are thealternatives? Of the landfills, sanitary and otherwise, open for business in1979, 85 percent are now closed . Where is all the garbagegoing? Some municipalities are shipping garbage to other cities, or evenother states, a costly proposition. Larger metropolitan agencies have eventaken to shipping garbage to third world countries, strapped for cash andeager for the infusion of Yankee dollars. This, of course, only transfersthe problem from one population to the other. Stories of wandering garbagebarges and orphaned garbage trains have made splashes in American newwpaperheadlines. Covert garbage disposal has become a lucrative business, as theplethora of medical waste washed up along the New Jersey shoreline proves. These anecdotes, while shocking and perversely entertaining, are hardlyrepresentative. .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .postImageUrl , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:hover , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:visited , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:active { border:0!important; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:active , .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527 .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41366e7fb64f45c2ffa44cb88b1c5527:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Above The Law EssayRecycling really is making a difference. Newspapers, which used to make up25 to 40 percent of the garbage volume of a typical city, are noweffectively banned from household garbage. Aluminum can recycling has becomea profitable sideline, both for economically disadvantaged and for theaverage homeowner trying to offset the ever-increasing cost of garbagecollection. Construction waste is now barred from landfills in most locales;this high volume material is now recycled or put to Earth-friendly uses,such as making barrier reefs. Plans for the safe incineration of refuse togenerate electric power have presented some highly contentious issues. Theash from su ch incinerators is normally highly toxic, since it concentratesexisting toxins, and must be disposed of as such. Citizens object to theseplants, in a frenzy of Not-In-My-Backyard syndrome. A clear-cut answer isprobably non-existent. Several effective programs, enacted in unison, willprobably lead us to success. Works Cited:Gore, Senator Al. Earth in the Balance. New York: Houghton, 1992. MacKibben, Bill. The End of Nature. New York: Random House, 1989. Miller, G. Tyler, Jr. Living in the Environment. Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 1994. Rathje, William and Cullen Murphy. Rubbish!. New York: Harper, 1992. Turk, Jonathan. Environmental Science. New York: Holt, 1984. Udall, Stewart. The Quiet Crisis. New York: Holt, 1963.

Vietnam Essay Example

Vietnam Essay In the southeastern most part of Asia, Vietnam is accompanied by 3 bodies of water;the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Gulf of Tonkin.Cambodia, China, and Laos surrounds the inner part of Vietnam. Vienam itself is a very small country compared to the rest of Asia, with a total area of 329,560 sq km, (slightly larger than New Mexico).Most of Vietnams land is low, flat delta regions in the North and South, hilly terrain in the central region, and mountainous in the far north. The climate of Vietnam is extremely different to the rest of Asia, Tropical in the south and monsoonal in the north, with a hot rainy season, and a warm dry season. The official language of vietnam is Vietnameese, while English is favored as a second language, while French and Chineese are also spoken. Vietnam is always lively.Karoke sessions are very common in vietnam andusually dont end until around 11:00pm, and they sometimes start again around 4:30 am.Table manners of the Vietnamese always i nclude the toothpick.They really go all out and try to get anything and everything out of their teeth and gums, bloody or not. The main religion in Vietnam is Bhudist, while Christianity, (mostly Roman Catholic, and some Protestant) and Muslim are not far behind. Vietnam isa communist state in Asia, with a legal system based on communist legal theory and the French civil law system. The main natural resources of Vietnam are; phosphates, coal, maganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, and hydropower. Vietnam manufactures alot of imported clothing and machiner to the United States.Other imports include food processing, oil, coal, steel, paper, mining, and cement. Permanent Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung has urged traf Vietnam Essay Example Vietnam Essay BIBLIOGRAPHY Author| URL| Retrieved| Skwirk| http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-t_s-14_u-116_t-316/the-impact-of-the-war/nsw/history/australia-in-the-vietnam-war-era| 13/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. commemoration. gov. au/ | 13/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. commemoration. gov. au/public-opinion/index. php| 14/7| Vietnam War Commemoration| http://vietnam-war. commemoration. gov. au/conscription/save-our-sons. php| 14/7| Shrine| http://www. shrine. org. u/getattachment/dc8b4c54-ca76-488d-9ffe-4c11ec2852fc/vce-vietnam-war. aspx | 14/7| Moratorium Movement| http://www. rmwebed. com. au/web_resources/y10history/vietnam_war/10. html| 14/7| Write Work| http://www. writework. com/essay/impact-vietnam-war-australia| 14/7| Skwirk| http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-c_s-14_u-116_t-315_c-1062/supporters-of-the-war/nsw/supporters-of-the-war/australia-in-the-vietnam-war-era/responses-of-various-groups| 15/7| Australian War Memorial| http://www. awm. gov. au/atwar/vie tnam. sp| 23/7| Wikipedia| http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia| 23/7| Vietnam War 1962-1975 * From the arrival of the first fleet, Vietnam was a divisive issue * Australia deployed a total of 60000 troops, 521 died and 3000 were wounded * In reflection, Vietnam is described as the cause of the greatest political and social dissent and upheaval * Many draft resisters, conscientious objectors, and protesters were fined or jailed, while soldiers met a hostile reception on their return home. The experience of Vietnam lingered with the soldiers for long after they returned home. Social Impacts: * Public response went through several stages during the war. * Early on, when Australia’s involvement was minimal with only the role of training Vietnamese soldiers, public opinion was less critical, troops only sent to physically fight in 1965, they were just training South Vietnamese soldiers form 1962 onwards * Many, as was the trend in the early 60s, began to embrace the US connection and hence support resulted * Most agreed with the threat of the communist domino affect(although Menzies masterminded a lot of this), which also led to the acceptance of Australian involvement in the early 60s * Also, in the early 60s, Australia was still very conservative, and the idea of rebellion and challenging authority only set in later in the decade and the 70s. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This meant that early on many cautioned from questioning the government’s decision. * As much as war wasn’t ideal, in the early parts, before conscription, Australian’s accepted the war or paid little attention as the Australians fighting were soldiers who joined the Army * The socially divisive impact of Vietnam showed up post 1964 when the National Service Act was introduced. This had the ramifications of sending unwilling Australians to war. Draft resistors who were deemed to not have legitimate excuses were jailed on failing to comply with the National Service Act * They were released in 1972 when Whitlam ended conscription * The amendment of the Act in 1965 confirmed the inevitable that national servants could be deployed overseas, to Vietnam. * First time, an Australian was conscripted to fight outside of Aust. erritory * Socially, some disagreed more with the notion of conscription than the war itself, this maybe hinted at the fact that communist disconten tment was still strong and the Domino theory was real, just not strong enough to make people overlook personal freedoms. * This led to anti-war and anti-conscription protest groups including * DENNIS TEXT * YCAC-Youth Campaign Against Conscription. 1964-7 SOS-Save our Sons. * Formed by parent groups who didn’t want their sons sent to Vietnam. * Formed in 1965, Australia wide, mainly female dominated agency. * Women were accused of being ‘bad mothers’ and communists when they approached MPs or authority * SOS saw many Liberal voters shift to the Labor camp. SOS was one of the first theatres that allowed women expression. * Basically saw ‘everyday suburban’ women become nvolved in politics and taking action to influence political decisions * The women’s movement of the 70s benefitted from anti-conscription lobby groups such as SOS * Draft Resistance Movement. Formed 1968 * The Committee for Defiance of the National Service Act. Formed 1969 * Vie tnam Moratorium Movement * Formed in 1970, by then Vietnam was the longest war we had served in * Took form of peaceful protests involving many Australians from all states. This highlighted the growing opposition, and to some extent shocked the government * ALP, and Gough fed of this massive public demonstration * Moratorium events were on a massive scale and largely peaceful, these demonstrations seemed to have a larger impact on government and political change. The government realised that, non-radical Australians had strong feelings about the war. * Really instigated the decline of Aust. Involvement in the war * The fact that every night, the horrors of Vietnam were broadcasted on Aust. elevision sets, the movement gathered motion * The Movement galvanised the people, the less radical who wouldn’t normally protest, protested such was the intense feelings about the war * This movement actively campaigned for two causes; the abolishment of conscription and the withdrawal of troops from Vietnam * Politically influenced the Labor parties win of the 1972 election, ending 23 years of Liberal rule * Interestingly, only in 1969 however did an opinion poll suggest that a majority opposed the war itself. Up until then, the outcry was mainly rooted in the issue of conscription rather than conflict itself * However, as unrest grew, many anti-conscript groups became anti-war in the hope that only the end of the war would end conscription. * Another massive catalyst for anti-conscript protests was the reporting of the war. * Vietnam is considered the first ‘live war’ where the atrocities occurring were being broadcasted into Australian living rooms. This made sending young Australians into war against their will even more illegitimate. This also led to a questioning of whether this was was ‘just’, or being undertaken in the most human way possible. * This had the effect of also turning many anti-conscript groups, to become anti-war altogether. The fact that Vietnam was ‘live’ also helped the demise of the Liberal government as people had direct evidence to question what the government was getting Australia and particularly our young men into. Follow ing the Labor victory, and Gough Whitlam’s order for withdrawal, social impact for the returning soldiers would ensue * Trade Unions also opposed the war, they labelled it ‘blood for Dollars’ or ‘diggers for dollars’ because they believed we were only fighting to the US would maintain its investment into Australia. This view was not entirely correct * By the latter stages, the larger majority of opposition came from university students. At first, the reaction was modest and many just viewed the war along their preferred political party lines * However, following conscription, uni students began to come out in full force. Some of this sentiment began to be shared in the wider community as the war progressed into the late 60s * One of the major social impacts of the war was the fate of the returned soldiers. Due to the public nature of Vietnam and the atrocities that Australian people witnessed the veterans were not lauded in the same fashion as previous war vets * This was a massive change from before when the ANZACs were treated as heroes * The tragedy of this was that as much as the Aust. People were effected by what they saw, the actual soldiers were scarred far more significantly by what they experienced first hand. * This compounded the negative experience of the returned soldiers as not only where they marginalised they had no-one but each other that could understand what they’d gone through. * These impacts lasted for much longer after the final Aust. Troops returned in 1972. * This has implications for continuity and change as following Vietnam, for the first time national servants and soldiers weren’t treated with the same admiration. The ANZAC reverence that seemed to follow previous veterans didn’t occur with our Vietnam veterans. * This was a massive change in our attitudes towards the army Political Impacts: * On face value, it’s easy to say Vietnam cost the Liberal party government after 23 years of rule * However on closer inspection it is clear that the political consensus on Vietnam varied between 1965-1972 * White Australia Policy ended in 1972 * We opened our borders to non-white refugees. This in itself was cohesive and divisive. Many of these refugees fought alongside our soldiers but we still had this fear of non-white immigrants threatening the ‘Aust. Way of life’ * Discontent politically only really came with Menzies introduction of Conscription on 1964. * However, Holt won the November 1966 election in a massive victory, highlighting that social discontent was not at its peak. Conscription peaked later * The political effect of Vietnam also became more prominent post 1967 when Edward Gough Whitlam became leader of the opposition. He lead a fierce campaign against conscription which captivated a swing of Liberal voters to the Labor party * This is when the protest movement as well peaked and was in full flight * 1969 election, under Gorton highlighted the swing of voters. From the ALPs flogging of 1966 they increased their share in the House of Reps from 41 to 59 seats highlighting the change in votes. * The Liberal advantage was only 7 seats now * Whitlam would go on to win the 1972 election with promises of withdrawal from Vietnam and the abolishment of conscription. The political landscape was finally shifting to progressivism after many years on conservative rule. This also began to happen on a state level * WA, NSW, TAS and SA all went from Liberal to Labour in elections between 1972-1975 shortly after the war * The Liberal’s National Services Act, was the single policy that really brought about the downfall of the Government * In terms of Political party support, the all major parties supported the war early on * Liberal support continued throughout * The DLP were very anti-communist so also supported the war. The ALP slowly began to oppose the war, as a means of attacking the government and also their disapproval also spiked when conscription was introduced * Gough Whitlam no doubt used the divisive nature, and ALPs disapproval of Vietnam to the most advantage. * Trade Unions also opposed the war, they labelled it ‘blood for Dollars’ or Ã¢â‚¬Ë œdiggers for dollars’ because they believed we were only fighting to the US would maintain its investment into Australia. This view was not entirely correct VIEWPOINTS ON THE VIETNAM WAR At the start of the period(1962) the perspective was that sending willing soldiers(not conscripts) was fine * Early on, when Australia’s involvement was minimal with only the role of training Vietnamese soldiers, public opinion was less critical, troops only sent to physically fight in 1965, they were just training South Vietnamese soldiers form 1962 onwards * We had to protect ourselves from the communist menace as well as honour our obligations as port of SEATO and ANZUS * Menzies masterminded a lot of the fear that convinced us that war was right * We were still quite conservative, trusted govt decisions * The gruesome nature of the war was not yet revelealed At Menzies announcement of sending troops in 1965, many different perspectives on the conflict emerged. Some more valid than others. * A lot thought communism was worth fighting against but found that conscripting to do so undermined other rights that were held dearly in a modern democracy * This fuelled anti-conscription protests as the reality that young men unwillingly could be sent to Vietnam. Most anti-war groups played on the injustice that this exemplified. * Importantly, the horrors of Vietnam exposed through media had not yet peaked so the atrocities that were taking place weren’t as well known about which led to that not being such a big anti-war factor. Some factions believed that training up a military was justifiable as we had done from 1962-65, but fighting for the South Vietnamese in what was really Vietnam’s civil war was not right. The idea of getting involved in other people’s business emerged * The Government claimed that as part of our SEATO agreement we were obligated to assist the fight against communism in South East Asia, i. e Vietnam. * The grey area with this is that, what does ‘assisting’ constitute? Was training the army enough or should we be physically fighting for the anti-communist forces. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE * CHANGE * During and following Vietnam, Australians began to question authority more. Beforehand, they were well trained to trust the governments judgement, but what Vietnam revealed was that governments aren’t always right * This questioning came to full voice during the Vietnam protests but overall the experience changed Australia into a more progressive country that no longer was content to swallow everything the government told them * This represented change as previously, we were much more conservative * The exposure to ‘speaking out’ gained from the late 60s during the Vietnam years also may have had some impact on the social movements that picked up in the late 60s, early 70s(lagging behind America) * Women probably benefitted most as movements such as SOS, gave them a voice and they continued to use that to instigate change in the 70s * The general shift from conservatism was highlighted politically as well as socially. Vietnam played a major factor in Whitlam and the ALP winning government for the first time in 23 years in 1972. Political change * The change was also solidified on a state level as WA, NSW, SA and Tasmania all elected Labor governments in elections between 1972-1975 s hortly after the war. Highlighting the progressivism emerging Australia wide * People wanted change with Vietnam, and to an extent the White Australia policy and Whitlam delivered that. Also note that many too were uncomfortable with the end of White Australia as well. * The attitudes towards soldiers and veterans changed significantly for the worst. No longer where they held in such high esteem amongst society * The tragedy of this was that most of them were in desperate need for help and received little to no support other than from the RSL. * This was the first ‘live war’ as some called it. For the first time, citizens had a relatively clear understanding of what occurred in the battlefields * CONTINUITY * The war emphasised the continuation of ANZUS. We stayed with the US right till the end effectively with us withdrawing in ‘72, a year before the last US troops * Despite the political outcry, politically we were still militarily tied to the US. We still are today * Second war with the US, first Korea then Vietnam GROUPS AFFECTED * ABORIGINALS * Aboriginals were exempt from national service, many didn’t even know their birthdate so including them in a fair ballot was difficult * The Department for Labour and National Service (DLNS) pushed for the removal of exemption but it never happened as only some states had accurate birth records and some didn’t making conscription difficult. * VETERANS * Received little support after the war * Weren’t lauded as national heroes like the ANZACS were * Suffered from mental trauma * YOUTHS The war inspired them and affected them greatly to make them speak out on a large scale for the first time in history * One of the largest groups that embodied the progressive cultu re that was emerging * Vietnam, and the distrust of government fuelled their rebellion against authority during the 60s and 70s * FAMILIES * WOMEN * Had a greater influence on politics for the first time * Definitely, they gained confidence from their first exposure to speaking out COHESION: * Youths voice * Youths gained a greater expression in society; this was seen by their major roles in demonstrations. * This impact however can also be seen as a divisive argument because a link to the new ‘teenage rebellion’ that followed Vietnam is quite noticeable * Women’s new status * Similarly to youths, women gained a new voice and expression during Vietnam. * Never before had they been so active in making their views on political policies known. This was the first time effectively where their actions influenced policy this was seen by the effect groups like SOS etc. had on shifting power form the Liberals to the ALP. T * his newfound voice gave them confidence to push for other reforms in the women’s movement. * The Vietnam war changed the status of women in society forever and widely this was accepted as a good thing. * Progressive mindset * Vietnam brought out a new progressive mindset in Australians that had barely seen the light of day under the conservative rule of the Menzies government. * Vietnam made people more judgmental and progressive in their thinking as the war made them realise that they shouldn’t swallow everything the government tells them. This change was evident by the swing of voters to the ALP and away from Liberal * Australia was never going to be as conservative * This was on the whole a good thing but opinion would still be split as the overall effect was that now government’s had less influence as people were now thinking for themselves * This idea of ‘thinking for yourselves’ scared some conservatives. * The change was evident in Federal politics with Whitlam’s election in 1972, but also on a state level the shift was taking place * WA, NSW, TAS and SA all went from Liberal to Labour in elections between 1972-1975 shortly after the war * DIVISIVE: * The treatment of returned Servicemen * This was a major issue Many of the retuned soldiers weren’t lauded as heroes * Some of them felt the cold treatment was unjust especially seeing some were forced(conscripted) to fight * Conscription: * Most divisive aspect other than maybe the war itself * Divisive on a few levels * Limited rights * Sent soldiers into one of the most atrocious battlefields, the public knew this because of what the media showed them * Left them scarred even after they came home. * The War itself: * Chemical weapons * The media brought this side of the war to peoples living rooms * Scarring of soldiers * Conscription * Removal of rights * ethics * How ethical was it to be getting over involved in Vietnams own civil

Why Compare Political Systems essays

Why Compare Political Systems essays Comparative politics can be defined as examining political realities in countries all over the world. It looks at the many ways governments operate and the ways people behave in political life. To say that comparing political systems is a waste of time and that we cannot learn anything from this process is a false statement. There are many things that can be learned by studying and comparing political systems, such as how governments are structured and how they function, the process through which governments interact with their populations in pursing community goals, how political leaders and the population behave in politics, and how political leaders and the public think about and feel about politics and how their feelings affect their behavior.1 By studying and comparing these different aspects of different political systems, we are able to learn more about the system in which we live, we can also determine which systems are successful and which systems are not. Throughout time there has always been diversity in political systems across the world.1 Different political systems and governments are two of the many things that make this world a very interesting place to live. In order to better understand how the system in which you live works, you first have to understand were that particular system comes from and how it came about. For example, there is know way to fully understand the political system of the United States without first knowing were the first settlers came from, their reason for coming, and what they did when they came. If people would take time to understand and compare different political systems to their own, the issue of foreign policy, and one group understanding and respecting another would not be as big of an issue as it is today. In order to fully understand democracy you have to do more than just concentrate of the American version of democracy. Democracie ...

Mutually Exclusive

Mutually Exclusive Mutually Exclusive Mutually Exclusive By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you write a piece on the use of the term â€Å"mutually exclusive†? I always get a little befuddled when someone says, â€Å"This and that are not mutually exclusive.† I have to stop and do the math to make sure I follow. The expression â€Å"mutually exclusive† is used in statistics to refer to events that cannot occur at the same time. For example, with $10 in my pocket, I go into a store intending to buy a battery and a jump drive, but each item costs $10. I can buy the battery or I can buy the jump drive, but not both. The purchases are â€Å"mutually exclusive.† Writers use the term when discussing subjects that seem to be so opposed in nature as to be incapable of coexisting but which, in their opinion, can in fact do so. For example: Feminism and Christianity dont have to be mutually exclusive. Interpretation: Feminism, which advocates the equality of the sexes, is being contrasted with Christianity, a patriarchal religion that teaches female submission. Privacy and Security Are Not Mutually Exclusive. Interpretation: Security, in the sense of government defenses that rely on surveillance and data gathering, is being contrasted with privacy, the condition of being free from public attention. Are Religion and Science mutually exclusive? Interpretation: Religion, which requires adherents to believe in events that defy the laws of physics, is contrasted with science, which insists on physical proofs before belief. The Germans don’t see brains and brawn as mutually exclusive. Interpretation: â€Å"All brawn and no brains† is an idiom that reflects the popular belief that athletic qualities and intelligence are not to be found in the same person. The statement, from a sports site, posits the idea that intelligence can be expected of athletes. Three other common expressions that use the adverb mutually to mean a reciprocal action or status are: mutually beneficial: good for both parties. Example: After 1940,  Mexico  and the  United States  slowly crafted a  mutually beneficial  relationship. mutually delighted: good feelings on each side. Example: By the end of their first term together, in the spring of 1874, it was  clear  that teacher and pupil were  mutually delighted.   mutually assured destruction: a state of hostility in which two equally strong opponents are capable of destroying one another in open conflict. Example: Fifty years ago this week the idea of mutually assured nuclear destruction was outlined in a major speech. But how did this frightening concept of the Cold War fade from peoples psyches? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Supervise vs. Monitor

Proudct design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Proudct design - Essay Example The attribution of newness usually arises in association with positively valued qualities, often supported by the inclusion of criteria such as originality, progress, or truth. From a historical perspective, the positive treatment and appreciation of newness can be described as a consequence of the functional differentiation of modern society. Religion, the political system, science, business, and art not only display different degrees of receptivity to novelties, they also react to it at different speeds. The appreciation of newness can be observed, in particular, in the field of fine art towards the end of the 19th century (Hughes 1971). The establishment of the idea that the value of works of art arises from the special skill of the artist and the privileging of the original over the copy, channeled attention to new works of art. The associated appreciation of newness also abandoned the idea of the work of art as a representation of reality and therefore highlighted the self-referentiality of art (Luhmann 1999b). Hence, newness assumed a key position within the art system both in the sense of a product (novelty) and in the sense of an evaluation criterion (newness). Newness plays an increasingly significant role in the field of science and technology. There is a permanent quest in these fields for new scientific insights and technological inventions, which are only deemed to be novelties if they extend or transform technological and scientific paradigms (Schummer, forthcoming). In addition, technical objects and scientific facts achieve visibility and value by being marked as â€Å"new†, thereby providing orientation to users. Can newness be considered new any longer? Is the concept of originality in contemporary art even possible or relevant? Interpreted as fresh, transformative, or even deliberately backward-looking, the idea of newness seems empowered by our own personal and

Should smoking be banned in public places Essay

Should smoking be banned in public places - Essay Example There are studies to prove this case. Even though there are no laws that prohibit smokers from smoking, the places where cigarette smoking should be allowed can be regulated. Banning cigarette smoking in public places will do a lot in preventing illnesses caused by passive smoke. Smoking as a habit has been around for a long time now, and it has been regarded as both a bad habit and symbol of status. Up until the nineteenth century, cigar-smoking was almost exclusively done by socially elite males. Cigarettes were actually derived from cigars as they were essentially tobacco residues which were swept and collected and later on smoked by poor people. Cigarette smoking then became popular in the 1880's, with the advent of cigarette-making machines. Though cigarettes were cheaper and widely available, smoking it was still not popular at that time. Cigarette smoking just became popular World War I when tobacco companies gave away large quantities of cigarettes to American soldiers to boost their morale. Only after this event that Americans were hooked to cigarette smoking (Grannis, n.d.). It was only after a few years of research that people learned of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. One of the Surgeon General's findings was cigarette smoking was not o nly harmful to the smoker but also to the non-smokers (commonly referred to as passive or second-hand smokers) surrounding them. As a result several action groups sought total cigarette bans on shopping malls, theaters and other public places. Bad effects of smoking Various cancers were eventually found out to be linked with cigarette smoking. These cancers develop due to the 43 carcinogens and other chemicals found in cigarette smoke, leading to carcinogenesis or the formation of cancer causing cells due to smoking (Burns, 1991). In the 1950's, extensive research about the relationship between lung cancer and cigarette smoking were done in the U.K. and the United States. Findings from these studies showed that smoking and lung cancer were indeed related. Previously, lung cancer was one of the rarest types of cancers in the world. In the 1970's, cases of lung cancer suddenly boomed when cigarette smoking went popular during the period. This sudden increase made lung cancer into one of the deadliest cancers in the world (qtd. From Grannis, n.d.). Lungs are not the only organs in the body that are affected by cigarette smoking. The brain and the rest of the nervous system is also affected by cigarette smoke. The brain's cognitive functions which handles the brain's capacity for stimuli and attention as well as regulation of automatic body processes such as digestion and breathing is negatively affected by cigarette smoke. This happens when blood containing carcinogens are pumped into the brain's bloodstream. Different carcinogens have different physiological effects. For example, nicotine acts upon the brain within 10 seconds, causing an almost instantaneous mood change in the user ("TheHealthConsequencesofSmoking.." 2005). Independent studies made in the University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh investigated the various effects of smoking in the cognitive skills of smokers and non-smokers. The results, published in an issue of New Scientist showed that most smokers fail in five unrelated cognitive tests. Another series of tests

Employee Recognition Programs Essay Example for Free

Employee Recognition Programs Essay All business entities, big or small, have human resource. Commonly known as employees, these people are an organization’s most valuable asset. These are individuals within the firm who serve as the organization’s human capital and work toward achieving the goals of the company. Without human workforce, establishments will not be able to perform its day-to-day operations. Even if an organization is not labor intensive, it is incontestable that a firm still needs human resource to manage and look over its undertakings, and continuously thrust the company towards proper administration, profitability and success. The improvements and changes in the industry and economy besides increased awareness of employees as a valuable resource has changed the focus from controlling to managing this resource† (Purdy, 2007). As more and more organizations rely on human workforce, there is now the need to manage the most dynamic resource of a company, who are its employees. Recruiting the right kind of employees and training them to become productive are not only the seeming obligation of a company. But more importantly, keeping these employees motivated will not only enhance them personally but will encourage high performance, which will benefit the organization as well. â€Å"Employee morale within an organization has a direct impact on the satisfaction level of its customers and the company’s ultimate success† (Fretwell, 2002, p. 1). For that reason, companies perform different kinds of employee recognition programs that will significantly improve employee morale. One very important detail to remember is that the leader of the organization must have the ability to identify and recognize decline in employee morale, factors causing such, and acceptance of this condition. After which, there are many feasible areas to work on to be able to work out and tidy up the problem. It is very crucial to start with the management. One of the most important steps is to correspond. Communication is always important in maintaining a smooth professional relationship between employees and the management. Encourage the employees to come forward with issues, suggestions, conflicts, complaints, and feedbacks. Listen carefully; do not leave the employees hanging. This way, management will be able to know clearly what factors are causing the employees to perform in such a way that disintegrates their work. Also, they will be able to know the multiple viewpoints of the employees, which if properly attended to, may have the effect of high morale. This method has always been simple and costs nothing at all! Plus it provides a powerful solution to morale problems. Once the leaders know the problem, it is easier to find probable solutions and ways of improving the esteem of the employees. Make sure the employees have a clear understanding of their professional goals within the organization. Keep them up to date about the business, making them feel more involved. Encourage creativity and be consistent in the administration of rules and policies. This way, the employees will not feel they are being treated with prejudice once they get penalized for mistakes. Make them understand what they are going through. However, sometimes, letting the employees do they own work is what they need. They want to feel they are trusted to get their work done. Teambuilding can also help eliminate negative feelings and actions by fostering respect among employees. The power to make decisions help employees realize their importance to the company, and this increases the esteem of the employees. Also, in order to get work done, and done right, the leaders of the organization need to give the employees the skills and tools for them to complete their tasks. This includes giving them support and the training that they need in order to improve or hone their abilities. Management must also identify and nurture those people who perform well and must groom them for leadership roles. At the same time, it has to identify and help the average performers to improve themselves and their productivity. Acknowledging the work of the employees always gives them a reason to work harder and become recognized, making them even more enhanced and productive. Simple awards may do, like what establishments often offer, like â€Å"Employee of the Month† awards may be a step towards recognizing the employees’ hard work. Moreover, giving promotions to excellent and highly improved workers enable them to boost their confidence in terms of their work and push them to work even harder. Provide a better working environment by assuring the safety of the employees while at the workplace. This gives them the guarantee that they are well taken care of by the management. Higher financial remunerations, bonuses and benefits promote the value of loyalty from the employees to the organization. With better compensation, employees are able to give high regard for their work and tend to become satisfied of what they are doing and whom they are working for. Develop incentive programs that improve both employee attitude and attendance rates. Most often, lack of incentive is the reason why employees do not get motivated to work. Examples of this programs include â€Å"the ability to cash-in unused sick days at the end of a specific period, allowing employees to leave early one Friday per month of perfect attendance, bonus pay for periods of perfect attendance, and gifts such as savings bonds or gift cards for periods of perfect attendance† (Bushman, 2007, p. 4). Most importantly, beyond putting into primary importance the achievement of success and profitability is the need to take care of the organization’s people. If the employees believe that their bosses do not care either about the task or them, then they will not care either. And naturally, the company and its operations will suffer. Building morale in an organization may not be as hard as one thinks The key to motivating employees is having them feel valued and appreciated by their superiors and within the company that they working hard for. It requires for each and every employee to feel a sense of achievement in career, a sense of belonging at the workplace, a sense of contribution to the organization, and a sense of appreciation for their involvement in the pursuance of the organization’s goals to achieve high employee morale, and eventually higher productivity and overall success.

The Writing Process :: essays research papers

The Six Stages of the Writing Process 1. Planning:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning is the process of setting document objectives, analyzing audience needs and responses, and developing a course of action to accomplish the objectives. Effective planning takes time at the beginning of the project, but overall saves a lot of time. 2. Research:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research is the systematic investigation of a subject in order to discover facts, opinions, or beliefs. The amount of research needed for a written assignment depends on the nature of the document and the information available about the subject. While minimal research is usually needed for simple memos or letters, longer, more complex documents may require more. 3. Organization:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organization relates to the decisions writers make based on their communication objectives, audience requirements, and format limitations. These decisions determine the order, in which they present their ideas, and logical connections that exist among these ideas, and the approach they take to present the ideas. 4. Composition:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This process involves following your organizational writing plan to produce a rough draft. As this process begins writers make decisions about such matters as tone, style, and level of formality. 5. Design:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Design is the process of placing information on a page so that it is easily read. Various design elements help clarify organization, including headings, underlining, and bulleted lists. 6. Revision:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is the final stage of the writing process. It includes five specific steps that transform a rough draft into a finished document. These steps include the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ensure the best words, style, and tone are used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Check for clarity and conciseness and remove all jargon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eliminate all punctuation, grammatical and spelling errors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Focus on coherence through the use of effective transitions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Check for factual errors. The Five Steps in the Writing Process 1. Purpose:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to understand your aim or intention for writing. You must know if you are writing to inform, to persuade, to describe, to narrate, to summarize, to define, or to compare. 2. Audience:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to know your audience and how that audience might influence your approach. 3. Stance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stance refers to the combined effect of voice and tone. Voice is your relationship with the audience and tone is the relationship with your subject. 4. Research:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this step one has to decide if research needs to be conducted or whether your current information is adequate. 5. Design:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Design refers to a clear sequence for communicating your information most effectively. Helping to Achieve the Writing Objective The thesis is your basic position and is usually conveyed in a single sentence.

Digital humanities, scholarly communication and communication science Essay

Objectives of this research proposal is to identify a problem n work place and propose a solution to the management on the problem facing the company. Justification             Communication is very essential for the progress of a company. In today’s world, companies are striving to have good communication in places of work. However, good communication is hard to achieve because communication is increasingly becoming complex because complex work activities and multicultural environment in the places of work. Lack of communication increases job dissatisfaction and kills morale of workers. This research will evaluate the causes of poor communication. It will also come up with solutions on what needs to bedone. WorkcompletedI have managed to calculate the total cost for research and written a breakdown of all expenses to be incurred in this research. I have also written a schedule of all activities that I will carry on eve day. Interview was one of research methodology used in the proposal. I intended to interview five people from Youth Health Partnership Organization. The proposed persons to be interviewed are Mr. Phillip Hardy, Human Resources Manager, Mr. Charles Chah, Senior Accountant, two casual workers and Ms. Agnes Ashley, Finance officer. I have managed to interview two casual workers and Ms. Agnes. I have also managed to gather and reviewed all the journals and books that I needed for the purpose of this research Work remaining             The remaining work is to secure an appointment with Mr. Philip and Mr. Charles and to interview them. I have not completed collecting data using questionnaires. Obstacle encountered             Mr. Philip and Mr. Chah have been canceling our scheduled meeting at the last minute. Another challenge is that workers are refusing to fill in the questionnaire due to fear of victimization from supervisors. References Klyukanov, I. (2013). Digital humanities, scholarly communication and communication science. Modern communication studies, 2(1), 43-53. Rayudu, C. S. (2010). Communication (Rev. ed.). Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. House.Zaremba, A. J. (2010). Organizational communication (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. CarriÃÆ' ¨re, J., & Bourque, C. (2009). The effects of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a land ambulance service and the mediating role of communication satisfaction. Career Development International, 14(1), 29-49. Ryabova, I. (2013). Communication components of management and organizational culture of the company. Modern communication studies, 2(2), 13-40. Source document

Comic Relief in the Tale of Two Cities

Comic relief is an important theatrical convention that makes the story more interesting and appealing to readers. In Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses one of his minor but fascinating characters, Jerry Cruncher, to depict this. The two or three chapters dealing with Jerry Cruncher and his family life are humorous and he also illustrates the terrible poverty during the 18th century. And despite the novel’s tragic scenes and symbolic images, Dickens uses  Jerry to lighten things up  a bit.Jerry Cruncher is a multidimensional tradesman, honest to some, but truly not, as well as a conscientious father and self-conscious individual. Jerry Cruncher can be described as gruff and  ragged. An odd-job man, who sits outside Tellson's Bank during the day and is a body-snatcher by night. He is also uneducated which lead him to do unnecessary actions. Even  when describing Jerry, Dickens uses jokes. â€Å"Mr.Cruncher himself  always spoke of the year of our  Lord as Anna Dominoes: apparently under the impression that the Christian era  dated from the invention of a popular game,  by a lady who had bestowed her name upon it. † (Dickens 66) Dickens also uses the character of Jerry to illustrate the terrible poverty of life in England during the 1700’s when Dickens goes more in depth about  Jerry in chapter 14 called The Honest Tradesman. This was a chapter  dedicated solely to Jerry Cruncher. In this chapter, the most interesting and comic scene is presented.Jerry has  such a hard time supporting his family that  he resorts to digging up dead bodies in  secret to help make ends meet. He tries to hide this by telling his wife and son that he is going fishing, but instead he was actually fishing up for bodies to sell to a surgeon. Another humorous scene in the story is how he becomes paranoid and begins to hate that his wife prays about him. He believes that she is praying against him. â€Å"What do you m ean by flopping yourself down and praying against me? † (Dickens 67) He sometimes snubs and beats her for doing so.He constantly calls himself â€Å"an honest tradesman†, even to his son. All these peculiarities of Jerry Cruncher are humorous. In conclusion, Dickens uses comic relief to appeal to his readers and change the mood. Jerry Cruncher is a perfect example of this. His life is a prototype of the poverty during 18th century. Through his characteristics, misfortunes in life, and bizarre actions, Jerry Cruncher was able to provide the reader humorous scenes rather than the chaotic and violent drama of the French Revolution.

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Harmonizing to the definition by Department of Environment Malaysia, 2007, e-waste is defined as waste from the assembly of electrical or electronic contraptions that consist of constituents such as collectors, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubings and other activated glass or polychlorinated biphenyl-capacitors, or contaminated with Cd, quicksilver, lead, nickel, Cr, Cu, Li, Ag, manganese or polychlorinated biphenyl. In Malaysia, e-waste is categorized as scheduled waste under the codification SW 110, First Schedule, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005. This electronic waste or normally known as e-waste has broad scope of electronic or electrical equipment from assorted section of entities for domestic every bit good as industrial use. Now coevals of engineering devices such notebooks, nomadic phones, air conditioners, iceboxs, and rinsing machines become of import family contraptions in human life presents. 1.2 Problem statement Presents, the Numberss of development in electronic and electrical industries are demoing enormous growing in universe. However, over several old ages ago, the research workers give the attending concentrating on the impact of e-waste to the environment. The figure of e-waste generated was 52718 has been reported by DOE Malaysia in twelvemonth 2007. In 2008, there was important addition as 688,000 metric metric tons of e-waste has been generated and it is estimated Malaysia will bring forth e-waste about 1.11 million metric metric tons in 2020. The waste generated besides increase significantly parallel to the production of these merchandises. E-waste is going a major job since it can besides consequence to the human wellness of it is non treated decently. Electrical contraptions consist a 1000 of chemical compound that including metal such as lead, quicksilver and it is a major beginning of toxins and carcinogens. Many constituents of such equipment are considered toxic and are non-biodegradable. As it is discarded by the manner of either legal or illegal dumping, these toxic compounds have possible to leach out into the landfills. The issues arise from e-waste dumping is turning into a serious job, since there is no best operable method to dispose it. Electronicss and electrical waste is going a planetary pollution job due to environmental concern since there are many constituents of such equipments are considered non-biological which can non be degraded and toxic as they contain heavy metals inside the equipment. Emergence of economic system sector in developing every bit good as developed state cause serious job in e-waste direction. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and job related to location and installations to dispose this sort of wastes besides increase the important challenge in e-waste issues in order to prolong environmental development. 1.3 Objective of Study The intent of this study is to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. The nonsubjective includes: To happen sum of generated e-waste in Putrajaya. To measure about consciousness on the proper direction of commercial e-waste. To reexamine disposal method in Malaysia today. To reexamine the ordinance that available and intend the responsible organic structures in this state to explicate farther solutions for the environmentally sound direction. 1.4 Significant of Study The purpose of the survey is to place coevals position of e-waste in Putrajaya. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and deficiency of good disposal installations cause serious job in e-waste. Therefore, the survey is required as some sensible stairss should be taken to guarantee the waste is dealt with decently by others further down of electronic and electronic user. The survey will be conducted in Putrajaya to garner the information on the public attending sing the proper direction of commercial e-waste. Questionnaire will be distributed and informations will be used as primary informations to cognize the degree of consciousness on the direction of e-waste among people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises. Respondent will be selected indiscriminately to make full the questionnaire signifier. It is aimed to place the degree of cognition on jeopardy of e-waste among communities. The intent of this research besides to cognize the effectivity of environmental ordinance in Malaysia ; hence this explanatory research which is a combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews can be used to promote the responsible organic structures to explicate farther solutions on the issues associated with e-waste. The survey is besides subjected to suggest environmentally sound direction of this scheduled waste. Literature reappraisal 2.1 Electronic waste Issue on e-waste arise as the production of electronic contraptions every bit good as its waste that generated is in high volumes. The electronic or electric devices normally contain toxic and risky metal compound inside such lead, Cd, quicksilver and Cr frequently exist in the equipment. Besides that, in some states, their local governments do non modulate the proper ways for e-wastes direction to its disposal or recycling. For most instances, e-waste can lawfully be dumped into municipal solid waste landfill site. However, recycling is an alternate for e-waste land filling in order to get the better of traffic job. This method has been popular and become concern due economical every bit good as environmental job. Disposal of e-waste either by land filling or recycling, it still necessitate to run into few environmental regulative demand. 2.2 E-waste direction system ( Regulations and guidelines ) International ordinance Soon in the planetary state of affairs, coevals, transboundary motion and disposal waste of electrical and electronic equipment are going issues of concern to solid waste direction professionals, conservationists, international bureaus and authoritiess. The most high-profile international instrument for commanding e-waste disposal is the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This Convention was initiated in order to get by legion international jobs sing risky waste trafficking. The Basel Convention was the first planetary environmental pact modulating transboundary motions and disposal of risky waste. Environmental Regulation in Malaysia In Malaysia, Department of Environment become one of the of import relevant organic structures in authorities which is responsible to set up the basic environmental rights and to implement statute law on e-waste direction. This authorities bureau which is under supervising of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment ( NRE ) carry out the aim to heighten quality of life of the people every bit good as to keep and continue the environment from pollution. Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( SWR 2005 ) is developed to supply a footing in e-waste issues that applicable to the family and industrial and sector. Regulation on e-waste was developed in 1989 was known as Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Treatment Disposal Facilities for Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations, 1989 to command on aggregation, intervention, recycling and disposal of e-waste. However, to get by the issues of this solid waste to go efficient, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations has been regulated and replaced 1989 ordinance. It categorized e-waste as scheduled wastes and makes sense Malaysia to command transboundary motion of e-waste. Currently, the authorities has provide guidelines to guarantee proper rhythm on e-waste recycling or safe disposal. Other associated ordinances and guidelines related to e-wastes under the legal power of DOE are shown below: Environmental Quality Act 1974 Environmental Quality ( Licensing ) Regulations 1977 Environmental Quality ( Schedule Waste ) Regulations 2005 Environmental ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( Amendment ) 2007 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Order 1989 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Regulations 1989 Environmental Quality ( Refrigerant Management ) Regulations 1999 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Conveyance ) ( Schedule Wastes ) Order 2005 Guidelines on Import of Scheduled Waste EG4/94, Department of Environment Guidelines on Export of Scheduled Waste EG1/93, Department of Environment Guidelines for the Classification of Used Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Malaysia. Department of Environment. 2008. 2.3 E-waste Collection Targets at Material Recovery Facilities in Malaysia In Malaysia e-waste recyclers are classified into full and partial . Full recyclers are those material recovery installations with the capacity to recycles all portion of electronic equipment they receive, while Partial recyclers are those with limited capableness to recycle all portion of e-waste they receive, that is to state that there activities are centred on renovation for reuse intent, although they besides assist in dismantlement and separation before directing to full recyclers. 2.4 Electric and electronic merchandise in the market place The way of failure to command the issues in e-waste start even before this contraption enters the market place. First, makers refuse to extinguish risky stuffs or design for disassembly. Second, authorities policies fail to keep makers responsible for end-of-life direction of their merchandises. Therefore, eventually, consumers are the unintentional receivers of a toxic merchandise abandoned by those with the greatest ability to forestall jobs. Left with few picks, consumers readily will turn to recycling and take illegal action to dispose their e-waste. The six wide classs of illegal e-waste disposal as follows: Direct illegal disposal e.g. fly tipping Use of unaccredited waste direction sites Use of unaccredited bearers, agents or waste tourers Transporting violations Mis-description of waste Unregulated recycling and other disposal activities 2.5 Report by EPA on import-export activities of e-waste In 2005, the EPA conducted a snapshot analysis of import-export of e-waste from United State into several states with legitimate disposal installation. By far the largest volume of broken CRTs reported to the EPA is exported to Malaysia. Approximately 72 per centum ( or 51 million kg ) of the exports for which the EPA received presentment are sent to one legitimate installation in Malaysia. Canada and Korea, the 2nd largest receiving systems, imported a well smaller volume of CRTs of around 16 and 10 per cent severally. Compared to these importers ( particularly Malaysia ) , Brazil imports really small ( about 1 per cent ) . Table: Estimated export volume by state ( kg ) Sum Percentage Canada ( 2 installations ) 11,174 kilogram 16.34 % Malaysia ( 1 installation ) 50,698,594 kilogram 72.45 % Brazil ( 1 installation ) 342,807 kilogram 1.03 % Korea ( 3 installations ) 7,103,175 kilogram 10.15 % Entire volume 69,319,131 kilogram Average volume 4,077,596 kilogram 2.4 Chemical substances inside e-waste Component of e-waste is really diverse and differs in the merchandises from another which may incorporate more than thousand different substances, which may fall either under risky or non-hazardous types. But, many substances contained in e-waste are considered risky waste. There are many beginnings that used for the production of electronic and electrical contraptions ; it can be either natural or man-made stuffs. For illustration, the metal such Cr which is of course happening substance is comparatively harmless in nature that used for proposes of fabrication of electronic equipment. However, it become harmful due to its toxicity if improper disposal that can consequence human wellness and the environment. The combination of these substances, along with smelting and combustion of waste, causes local air pollution and activities from acerb bath denudation will pollute land and surface H2O. These toxins besides pose possible wellness jobs including lung disease, lead toxic condition and malignant neoplastic disease. E-waste that generate the contamination including ( OIPC ) : Lead in cathode beam tubings ( CRTs ) and solder ; Arsenic in older CRTs ; Antimony trioxide as fire retardent ; Polybrominated fire retardents in fictile shells, overseas telegrams and circuit boards ; Selenium in circuit boards as a power supply rectifier ; Cadmium in circuit boards and semiconducting materials ; Chromium in steel as corrosion protection ; Mercury in switches and lodging. There are some more inside informations on some of the jeopardies posed by e-waste toxins: Arsenic Arsenic can be categorized really highly toxic metallic component. As it has entered the environment, it is wholly can non be destroyed. Exposure to this metal can do serious wellness effects because it has possible to develop assorted types of malignant neoplastic disease such skin malignant neoplastic disease, liver malignant neoplastic disease and lung malignant neoplastic disease. However, its semiconducting material is of import in transition of electric current to laser visible radiation and the arsine gas AsH3 is widely used as dopant gas in the micro chip industry. Barium Barium is besides metallic component which is frequently to organize toxic compounds when react with air. Barium as a drying agent used in sparkplugs and fluorescent lamps. Exposure to low concentration of water-soluble Ba may do take a breathing troubles, increased blood force per unit areas, tummy annoyance, encephalon puffiness and harm to the encephalons, kidney and liver. It has inclination to do palsies and human death when unmasking to high concentration of this H2O soluble Ba. Brominated fire retardents ( BFRs ) Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether, Polybrominated Biphenyl and Tetrabromobisphenol are chemicals that are added to makes fire retardant and to protect against the hazard of inadvertent fires in a broad scope of electrical and electronic equipment. However, burning of electronic contraptions incorporating this halogenated stuff cause formation toxic emanations gases such furan and dioxins which are human carcinogenic. Lead Lead is a ductile soft metal which is known has many applications and ideal as a solder. Lead-tin solder has been used widely in electronic constituents to publish wiring boards, in the glass of Cathode Ray Tubes for intents of telecasting or computing machine screens. Lead can do several unwanted effects, such as it can impact the kidneys, break of nervous systems and encephalon harm. When people exposure to high concentration of lead even within short clip period, it still has possible to do weariness, concern, coma and human death. Lead has same characteristic with quicksilver as it tend to roll up in an single being and being transferred through nutrient concatenation. Mercury Mercury is one of the most toxic with the feature of bioaccumulation. As quicksilver get entered into the environment, it cause injury to worlds wellness, quality of animate beings life every bit good as workss. It has really serious toxicant effects when unmasking to this component as it causes encephalon and liver harm if ingested or inhaled. Mercury metal has many utilizations in switches and other electrical applications. A certain sum of quicksilver is used in fluorescent lamps. Methodology The methodological analysis is a path line to near the aim of survey. In the methodological analysis subdivision, it should be planned in systematic and has a good schemes in order to obtain the of import information associated of e-waste. Good informations aggregation and analysis will construe the future state of affairs respects to the issues. This survey can be classified as initial explanatory research utilizing combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews. Some of the information is extracted by primary every bit good as secondary informations from other journalist. A study is besides conducted to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. E-waste has important environmental job, particularly in urban metropoliss since rapid alteration in engineering merchandises, low initial cost of electronic devices that cause aggressive excess of this sort of wastes in Malaysia. The electronic and electrical stores and mercantile establishments provide many sorts of merchandises to their clients such as notebooks, nomadic phones, batteries, telecastings, air conditioners, iceboxs every bit good as rinsing machines. The fix Centres and persons who generate income by mending and trouble-shooting of electronic equipment are besides subjected to make full up the questionnaire that will be distributed. 3.1 Respondent The mark respondents that will be selected in this survey are those people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises the proprietors of electrical or electrical company ; including Sellerss, resellers or retail merchants. Repair Centre every bit good as the cardinal figures in the e-waste sector which is recycling company ( Pusat Kitar Semula Capital of malaysia ) are besides subjected to be respondent in this survey. Peoples who are remaining in Putrajaya residential country will be selected indiscriminately to take part in this study in order to acquire the information from the communities on their cognition associated with e-waste. 3.2 Data Collection Activities All the respondents will be selected indiscriminately to make full questionnaire signifier. They are requested to supply the information on how they manage their e-waste every bit good as the most preferred disposal method of e-waste that are taken by respondents to prolong the environment. The study besides aimed to place on the communities knowledge degree on jeopardy of e-waste since e-waste can endanger both the environment and human wellness. The inquiry on public consciousness and general cognition about e-waste besides will be asked in the questionnaire to acquire more information from this mark group. The respondents are besides required to place the local authorities bureaus that are responsible for the planning and enforcement of regulative demands to find degree of their cognition on e-waste direction and guidelines. 3.3 Method to Analyze Data SPSS SPSS is complete statistical package bundles that used for analysing thesis and thesis informations and can convey in thesis informations from any type of file for analysis. The bundle is chiefly aimed at those that want to research jobs and features a broad scope of analytical maps. SPSS is performed to do tabulated thesis charts, studies, secret plans of distributions and tendencies, and expressive statistics, and hard statistical analysis doing usage of the information. Though SPSS appears like a really user-friendly statistical bundle since it is the easiest method to interpret the information into SPSS ; this significantly reduces the preliminary work needed to research new informations. XLSTAT XLSTAT is a Microsoft Excel circuit board. It includes over 50 maps which cover most of the demands for informations analysis and statistics, including multivariate techniques such as discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis and bunch, every bit good as a scope of arrested development techniques, goodness of fit trials and tabular sorting. Some public-service corporations have besides been included to ease charting and information use. Flow chart of methodological analysis Issue on e-waste Establish Objective A ; Scope of Study Literature Review Data Collection Questionnaire Interview Case Study Methods Respondents Public Business individuals Repair EE shop/individual Analyze the information XLSTAT SPSS Discussion Conclusion A ; Recommendation

Letter Recognition for Special Education

Letter Recognition for Special Education Letter recognition is the first skill a child needs to learn before beginning the task of learning decoding skills and then word recognition. Small children often learn to recognize the letters in their name first, and with that, they gain the understanding that letters, when put together, lead to meaning. Learning disabled children often do not. A reading disability can start anywhere on the chain that leads to reading fluency. It can often begin at the beginning: with letter recognition. Teachers sometimes make the mistake of â€Å"piling on,† trying to teach letter sounds at the same time as teaching letter recognition. Children who are clearly developmentally and intellectually ready to begin reading will quickly begin to see the relationship between letters and letter sounds. Learning disabled children will only find it confusing. Helping Learning Disabled Children with Letter Recognition: Consonants: When matching letters to pictures, stick to initial letter sounds for any letter matching and stick to one sound. Stick to the hard c and hard g. Never use â€Å"Circus† for the letter C. Never use gymnasium for the letter g. Or the vowel Y sound for the letter Y (Yellow, not Yodel.) Don’t try to get children to master the consonant sounds in the middle or final position until they are 100% with lower case d, p, b, and q. Vowels:  When teaching the vowels, stick to words that start with the short vowel sound, a is ant, not auto, aardvark, or Aspergers (none of which start with the short a sound.) Stick to short vowels, since they will be the glue for single syllable words. In Wilson Reading, a direct instruction program for reading, these are called closed syllables. Problems with Letter Orientation. Back in the 70s, reading professionals focused a lot on â€Å"dyslexia† with the belief that the primary problem was a letter or word reversal. It is true there are some children who do have a problem with letter orientation, but often learning disabled children have weak left-right orientation. We have noticed that young learning disabled children often have poor coordination and lack muscle tone. Multisensory Approaches to Letter Recognition Multi-sensory approaches are good to help learning disabled students build strong directionality. Hand over hand students who are not starting their letters correctly. This is not a place for creativity. Lower case d’s are circle stick. Lower case p’s are tail and circle. In that order. Always.   Sand writing: Wet sand in a dishpan or a wading pool. Have the children working on letter recognition make the letters as you call them out. Then give each of the children a turn to call out a letter for the others to make. Stick to one or two problem letters: b and p, g and q, or r and n. Try using a ruler for your letter bases.Pudding writing: Be sure hands are clean before initiating this activity. Tape waxed paper or clear wrap practice in on a table surface, and spoon out some chocolate (or another favorite) pudding on the paper/wrap. Have children spread the pudding out, like finger painting, and write the letters in the pudding as you call them out. Licking is allowed. Be sure to have plenty of paper towels handy.Sidewalk writing: Have your students write letters with sidewalk chalk as you call them out.Letter tag. Write letters on a hard surface playground. Stick to the ones you are focusing on. Call out a letter: anyone standing on the letter is safe. Call out another letter : the children need to run to another letter to be safe.