Why Compare Political Systems essays

Why Compare Political Systems essays Comparative politics can be defined as examining political realities in countries all over the world. It looks at the many ways governments operate and the ways people behave in political life. To say that comparing political systems is a waste of time and that we cannot learn anything from this process is a false statement. There are many things that can be learned by studying and comparing political systems, such as how governments are structured and how they function, the process through which governments interact with their populations in pursing community goals, how political leaders and the population behave in politics, and how political leaders and the public think about and feel about politics and how their feelings affect their behavior.1 By studying and comparing these different aspects of different political systems, we are able to learn more about the system in which we live, we can also determine which systems are successful and which systems are not. Throughout time there has always been diversity in political systems across the world.1 Different political systems and governments are two of the many things that make this world a very interesting place to live. In order to better understand how the system in which you live works, you first have to understand were that particular system comes from and how it came about. For example, there is know way to fully understand the political system of the United States without first knowing were the first settlers came from, their reason for coming, and what they did when they came. If people would take time to understand and compare different political systems to their own, the issue of foreign policy, and one group understanding and respecting another would not be as big of an issue as it is today. In order to fully understand democracy you have to do more than just concentrate of the American version of democracy. Democracie ...

Mutually Exclusive

Mutually Exclusive Mutually Exclusive Mutually Exclusive By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you write a piece on the use of the term â€Å"mutually exclusive†? I always get a little befuddled when someone says, â€Å"This and that are not mutually exclusive.† I have to stop and do the math to make sure I follow. The expression â€Å"mutually exclusive† is used in statistics to refer to events that cannot occur at the same time. For example, with $10 in my pocket, I go into a store intending to buy a battery and a jump drive, but each item costs $10. I can buy the battery or I can buy the jump drive, but not both. The purchases are â€Å"mutually exclusive.† Writers use the term when discussing subjects that seem to be so opposed in nature as to be incapable of coexisting but which, in their opinion, can in fact do so. For example: Feminism and Christianity dont have to be mutually exclusive. Interpretation: Feminism, which advocates the equality of the sexes, is being contrasted with Christianity, a patriarchal religion that teaches female submission. Privacy and Security Are Not Mutually Exclusive. Interpretation: Security, in the sense of government defenses that rely on surveillance and data gathering, is being contrasted with privacy, the condition of being free from public attention. Are Religion and Science mutually exclusive? Interpretation: Religion, which requires adherents to believe in events that defy the laws of physics, is contrasted with science, which insists on physical proofs before belief. The Germans don’t see brains and brawn as mutually exclusive. Interpretation: â€Å"All brawn and no brains† is an idiom that reflects the popular belief that athletic qualities and intelligence are not to be found in the same person. The statement, from a sports site, posits the idea that intelligence can be expected of athletes. Three other common expressions that use the adverb mutually to mean a reciprocal action or status are: mutually beneficial: good for both parties. Example: After 1940,  Mexico  and the  United States  slowly crafted a  mutually beneficial  relationship. mutually delighted: good feelings on each side. Example: By the end of their first term together, in the spring of 1874, it was  clear  that teacher and pupil were  mutually delighted.   mutually assured destruction: a state of hostility in which two equally strong opponents are capable of destroying one another in open conflict. Example: Fifty years ago this week the idea of mutually assured nuclear destruction was outlined in a major speech. But how did this frightening concept of the Cold War fade from peoples psyches? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Supervise vs. Monitor

Proudct design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Proudct design - Essay Example The attribution of newness usually arises in association with positively valued qualities, often supported by the inclusion of criteria such as originality, progress, or truth. From a historical perspective, the positive treatment and appreciation of newness can be described as a consequence of the functional differentiation of modern society. Religion, the political system, science, business, and art not only display different degrees of receptivity to novelties, they also react to it at different speeds. The appreciation of newness can be observed, in particular, in the field of fine art towards the end of the 19th century (Hughes 1971). The establishment of the idea that the value of works of art arises from the special skill of the artist and the privileging of the original over the copy, channeled attention to new works of art. The associated appreciation of newness also abandoned the idea of the work of art as a representation of reality and therefore highlighted the self-referentiality of art (Luhmann 1999b). Hence, newness assumed a key position within the art system both in the sense of a product (novelty) and in the sense of an evaluation criterion (newness). Newness plays an increasingly significant role in the field of science and technology. There is a permanent quest in these fields for new scientific insights and technological inventions, which are only deemed to be novelties if they extend or transform technological and scientific paradigms (Schummer, forthcoming). In addition, technical objects and scientific facts achieve visibility and value by being marked as â€Å"new†, thereby providing orientation to users. Can newness be considered new any longer? Is the concept of originality in contemporary art even possible or relevant? Interpreted as fresh, transformative, or even deliberately backward-looking, the idea of newness seems empowered by our own personal and

Should smoking be banned in public places Essay

Should smoking be banned in public places - Essay Example There are studies to prove this case. Even though there are no laws that prohibit smokers from smoking, the places where cigarette smoking should be allowed can be regulated. Banning cigarette smoking in public places will do a lot in preventing illnesses caused by passive smoke. Smoking as a habit has been around for a long time now, and it has been regarded as both a bad habit and symbol of status. Up until the nineteenth century, cigar-smoking was almost exclusively done by socially elite males. Cigarettes were actually derived from cigars as they were essentially tobacco residues which were swept and collected and later on smoked by poor people. Cigarette smoking then became popular in the 1880's, with the advent of cigarette-making machines. Though cigarettes were cheaper and widely available, smoking it was still not popular at that time. Cigarette smoking just became popular World War I when tobacco companies gave away large quantities of cigarettes to American soldiers to boost their morale. Only after this event that Americans were hooked to cigarette smoking (Grannis, n.d.). It was only after a few years of research that people learned of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. One of the Surgeon General's findings was cigarette smoking was not o nly harmful to the smoker but also to the non-smokers (commonly referred to as passive or second-hand smokers) surrounding them. As a result several action groups sought total cigarette bans on shopping malls, theaters and other public places. Bad effects of smoking Various cancers were eventually found out to be linked with cigarette smoking. These cancers develop due to the 43 carcinogens and other chemicals found in cigarette smoke, leading to carcinogenesis or the formation of cancer causing cells due to smoking (Burns, 1991). In the 1950's, extensive research about the relationship between lung cancer and cigarette smoking were done in the U.K. and the United States. Findings from these studies showed that smoking and lung cancer were indeed related. Previously, lung cancer was one of the rarest types of cancers in the world. In the 1970's, cases of lung cancer suddenly boomed when cigarette smoking went popular during the period. This sudden increase made lung cancer into one of the deadliest cancers in the world (qtd. From Grannis, n.d.). Lungs are not the only organs in the body that are affected by cigarette smoking. The brain and the rest of the nervous system is also affected by cigarette smoke. The brain's cognitive functions which handles the brain's capacity for stimuli and attention as well as regulation of automatic body processes such as digestion and breathing is negatively affected by cigarette smoke. This happens when blood containing carcinogens are pumped into the brain's bloodstream. Different carcinogens have different physiological effects. For example, nicotine acts upon the brain within 10 seconds, causing an almost instantaneous mood change in the user ("TheHealthConsequencesofSmoking.." 2005). Independent studies made in the University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh investigated the various effects of smoking in the cognitive skills of smokers and non-smokers. The results, published in an issue of New Scientist showed that most smokers fail in five unrelated cognitive tests. Another series of tests

Employee Recognition Programs Essay Example for Free

Employee Recognition Programs Essay All business entities, big or small, have human resource. Commonly known as employees, these people are an organization’s most valuable asset. These are individuals within the firm who serve as the organization’s human capital and work toward achieving the goals of the company. Without human workforce, establishments will not be able to perform its day-to-day operations. Even if an organization is not labor intensive, it is incontestable that a firm still needs human resource to manage and look over its undertakings, and continuously thrust the company towards proper administration, profitability and success. The improvements and changes in the industry and economy besides increased awareness of employees as a valuable resource has changed the focus from controlling to managing this resource† (Purdy, 2007). As more and more organizations rely on human workforce, there is now the need to manage the most dynamic resource of a company, who are its employees. Recruiting the right kind of employees and training them to become productive are not only the seeming obligation of a company. But more importantly, keeping these employees motivated will not only enhance them personally but will encourage high performance, which will benefit the organization as well. â€Å"Employee morale within an organization has a direct impact on the satisfaction level of its customers and the company’s ultimate success† (Fretwell, 2002, p. 1). For that reason, companies perform different kinds of employee recognition programs that will significantly improve employee morale. One very important detail to remember is that the leader of the organization must have the ability to identify and recognize decline in employee morale, factors causing such, and acceptance of this condition. After which, there are many feasible areas to work on to be able to work out and tidy up the problem. It is very crucial to start with the management. One of the most important steps is to correspond. Communication is always important in maintaining a smooth professional relationship between employees and the management. Encourage the employees to come forward with issues, suggestions, conflicts, complaints, and feedbacks. Listen carefully; do not leave the employees hanging. This way, management will be able to know clearly what factors are causing the employees to perform in such a way that disintegrates their work. Also, they will be able to know the multiple viewpoints of the employees, which if properly attended to, may have the effect of high morale. This method has always been simple and costs nothing at all! Plus it provides a powerful solution to morale problems. Once the leaders know the problem, it is easier to find probable solutions and ways of improving the esteem of the employees. Make sure the employees have a clear understanding of their professional goals within the organization. Keep them up to date about the business, making them feel more involved. Encourage creativity and be consistent in the administration of rules and policies. This way, the employees will not feel they are being treated with prejudice once they get penalized for mistakes. Make them understand what they are going through. However, sometimes, letting the employees do they own work is what they need. They want to feel they are trusted to get their work done. Teambuilding can also help eliminate negative feelings and actions by fostering respect among employees. The power to make decisions help employees realize their importance to the company, and this increases the esteem of the employees. Also, in order to get work done, and done right, the leaders of the organization need to give the employees the skills and tools for them to complete their tasks. This includes giving them support and the training that they need in order to improve or hone their abilities. Management must also identify and nurture those people who perform well and must groom them for leadership roles. At the same time, it has to identify and help the average performers to improve themselves and their productivity. Acknowledging the work of the employees always gives them a reason to work harder and become recognized, making them even more enhanced and productive. Simple awards may do, like what establishments often offer, like â€Å"Employee of the Month† awards may be a step towards recognizing the employees’ hard work. Moreover, giving promotions to excellent and highly improved workers enable them to boost their confidence in terms of their work and push them to work even harder. Provide a better working environment by assuring the safety of the employees while at the workplace. This gives them the guarantee that they are well taken care of by the management. Higher financial remunerations, bonuses and benefits promote the value of loyalty from the employees to the organization. With better compensation, employees are able to give high regard for their work and tend to become satisfied of what they are doing and whom they are working for. Develop incentive programs that improve both employee attitude and attendance rates. Most often, lack of incentive is the reason why employees do not get motivated to work. Examples of this programs include â€Å"the ability to cash-in unused sick days at the end of a specific period, allowing employees to leave early one Friday per month of perfect attendance, bonus pay for periods of perfect attendance, and gifts such as savings bonds or gift cards for periods of perfect attendance† (Bushman, 2007, p. 4). Most importantly, beyond putting into primary importance the achievement of success and profitability is the need to take care of the organization’s people. If the employees believe that their bosses do not care either about the task or them, then they will not care either. And naturally, the company and its operations will suffer. Building morale in an organization may not be as hard as one thinks The key to motivating employees is having them feel valued and appreciated by their superiors and within the company that they working hard for. It requires for each and every employee to feel a sense of achievement in career, a sense of belonging at the workplace, a sense of contribution to the organization, and a sense of appreciation for their involvement in the pursuance of the organization’s goals to achieve high employee morale, and eventually higher productivity and overall success.

The Writing Process :: essays research papers

The Six Stages of the Writing Process 1. Planning:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning is the process of setting document objectives, analyzing audience needs and responses, and developing a course of action to accomplish the objectives. Effective planning takes time at the beginning of the project, but overall saves a lot of time. 2. Research:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research is the systematic investigation of a subject in order to discover facts, opinions, or beliefs. The amount of research needed for a written assignment depends on the nature of the document and the information available about the subject. While minimal research is usually needed for simple memos or letters, longer, more complex documents may require more. 3. Organization:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organization relates to the decisions writers make based on their communication objectives, audience requirements, and format limitations. These decisions determine the order, in which they present their ideas, and logical connections that exist among these ideas, and the approach they take to present the ideas. 4. Composition:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This process involves following your organizational writing plan to produce a rough draft. As this process begins writers make decisions about such matters as tone, style, and level of formality. 5. Design:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Design is the process of placing information on a page so that it is easily read. Various design elements help clarify organization, including headings, underlining, and bulleted lists. 6. Revision:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is the final stage of the writing process. It includes five specific steps that transform a rough draft into a finished document. These steps include the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ensure the best words, style, and tone are used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Check for clarity and conciseness and remove all jargon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eliminate all punctuation, grammatical and spelling errors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Focus on coherence through the use of effective transitions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Check for factual errors. The Five Steps in the Writing Process 1. Purpose:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to understand your aim or intention for writing. You must know if you are writing to inform, to persuade, to describe, to narrate, to summarize, to define, or to compare. 2. Audience:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to know your audience and how that audience might influence your approach. 3. Stance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stance refers to the combined effect of voice and tone. Voice is your relationship with the audience and tone is the relationship with your subject. 4. Research:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this step one has to decide if research needs to be conducted or whether your current information is adequate. 5. Design:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Design refers to a clear sequence for communicating your information most effectively. Helping to Achieve the Writing Objective The thesis is your basic position and is usually conveyed in a single sentence.

Digital humanities, scholarly communication and communication science Essay

Objectives of this research proposal is to identify a problem n work place and propose a solution to the management on the problem facing the company. Justification             Communication is very essential for the progress of a company. In today’s world, companies are striving to have good communication in places of work. However, good communication is hard to achieve because communication is increasingly becoming complex because complex work activities and multicultural environment in the places of work. Lack of communication increases job dissatisfaction and kills morale of workers. This research will evaluate the causes of poor communication. It will also come up with solutions on what needs to bedone. WorkcompletedI have managed to calculate the total cost for research and written a breakdown of all expenses to be incurred in this research. I have also written a schedule of all activities that I will carry on eve day. Interview was one of research methodology used in the proposal. I intended to interview five people from Youth Health Partnership Organization. The proposed persons to be interviewed are Mr. Phillip Hardy, Human Resources Manager, Mr. Charles Chah, Senior Accountant, two casual workers and Ms. Agnes Ashley, Finance officer. I have managed to interview two casual workers and Ms. Agnes. I have also managed to gather and reviewed all the journals and books that I needed for the purpose of this research Work remaining             The remaining work is to secure an appointment with Mr. Philip and Mr. Charles and to interview them. I have not completed collecting data using questionnaires. Obstacle encountered             Mr. Philip and Mr. Chah have been canceling our scheduled meeting at the last minute. Another challenge is that workers are refusing to fill in the questionnaire due to fear of victimization from supervisors. References Klyukanov, I. (2013). Digital humanities, scholarly communication and communication science. Modern communication studies, 2(1), 43-53. Rayudu, C. S. (2010). Communication (Rev. ed.). Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. House.Zaremba, A. J. (2010). Organizational communication (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. CarriÃÆ' ¨re, J., & Bourque, C. (2009). The effects of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a land ambulance service and the mediating role of communication satisfaction. Career Development International, 14(1), 29-49. Ryabova, I. (2013). Communication components of management and organizational culture of the company. Modern communication studies, 2(2), 13-40. Source document

Comic Relief in the Tale of Two Cities

Comic relief is an important theatrical convention that makes the story more interesting and appealing to readers. In Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses one of his minor but fascinating characters, Jerry Cruncher, to depict this. The two or three chapters dealing with Jerry Cruncher and his family life are humorous and he also illustrates the terrible poverty during the 18th century. And despite the novel’s tragic scenes and symbolic images, Dickens uses  Jerry to lighten things up  a bit.Jerry Cruncher is a multidimensional tradesman, honest to some, but truly not, as well as a conscientious father and self-conscious individual. Jerry Cruncher can be described as gruff and  ragged. An odd-job man, who sits outside Tellson's Bank during the day and is a body-snatcher by night. He is also uneducated which lead him to do unnecessary actions. Even  when describing Jerry, Dickens uses jokes. â€Å"Mr.Cruncher himself  always spoke of the year of our  Lord as Anna Dominoes: apparently under the impression that the Christian era  dated from the invention of a popular game,  by a lady who had bestowed her name upon it. † (Dickens 66) Dickens also uses the character of Jerry to illustrate the terrible poverty of life in England during the 1700’s when Dickens goes more in depth about  Jerry in chapter 14 called The Honest Tradesman. This was a chapter  dedicated solely to Jerry Cruncher. In this chapter, the most interesting and comic scene is presented.Jerry has  such a hard time supporting his family that  he resorts to digging up dead bodies in  secret to help make ends meet. He tries to hide this by telling his wife and son that he is going fishing, but instead he was actually fishing up for bodies to sell to a surgeon. Another humorous scene in the story is how he becomes paranoid and begins to hate that his wife prays about him. He believes that she is praying against him. â€Å"What do you m ean by flopping yourself down and praying against me? † (Dickens 67) He sometimes snubs and beats her for doing so.He constantly calls himself â€Å"an honest tradesman†, even to his son. All these peculiarities of Jerry Cruncher are humorous. In conclusion, Dickens uses comic relief to appeal to his readers and change the mood. Jerry Cruncher is a perfect example of this. His life is a prototype of the poverty during 18th century. Through his characteristics, misfortunes in life, and bizarre actions, Jerry Cruncher was able to provide the reader humorous scenes rather than the chaotic and violent drama of the French Revolution.

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Harmonizing to the definition by Department of Environment Malaysia, 2007, e-waste is defined as waste from the assembly of electrical or electronic contraptions that consist of constituents such as collectors, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubings and other activated glass or polychlorinated biphenyl-capacitors, or contaminated with Cd, quicksilver, lead, nickel, Cr, Cu, Li, Ag, manganese or polychlorinated biphenyl. In Malaysia, e-waste is categorized as scheduled waste under the codification SW 110, First Schedule, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005. This electronic waste or normally known as e-waste has broad scope of electronic or electrical equipment from assorted section of entities for domestic every bit good as industrial use. Now coevals of engineering devices such notebooks, nomadic phones, air conditioners, iceboxs, and rinsing machines become of import family contraptions in human life presents. 1.2 Problem statement Presents, the Numberss of development in electronic and electrical industries are demoing enormous growing in universe. However, over several old ages ago, the research workers give the attending concentrating on the impact of e-waste to the environment. The figure of e-waste generated was 52718 has been reported by DOE Malaysia in twelvemonth 2007. In 2008, there was important addition as 688,000 metric metric tons of e-waste has been generated and it is estimated Malaysia will bring forth e-waste about 1.11 million metric metric tons in 2020. The waste generated besides increase significantly parallel to the production of these merchandises. E-waste is going a major job since it can besides consequence to the human wellness of it is non treated decently. Electrical contraptions consist a 1000 of chemical compound that including metal such as lead, quicksilver and it is a major beginning of toxins and carcinogens. Many constituents of such equipment are considered toxic and are non-biodegradable. As it is discarded by the manner of either legal or illegal dumping, these toxic compounds have possible to leach out into the landfills. The issues arise from e-waste dumping is turning into a serious job, since there is no best operable method to dispose it. Electronicss and electrical waste is going a planetary pollution job due to environmental concern since there are many constituents of such equipments are considered non-biological which can non be degraded and toxic as they contain heavy metals inside the equipment. Emergence of economic system sector in developing every bit good as developed state cause serious job in e-waste direction. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and job related to location and installations to dispose this sort of wastes besides increase the important challenge in e-waste issues in order to prolong environmental development. 1.3 Objective of Study The intent of this study is to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. The nonsubjective includes: To happen sum of generated e-waste in Putrajaya. To measure about consciousness on the proper direction of commercial e-waste. To reexamine disposal method in Malaysia today. To reexamine the ordinance that available and intend the responsible organic structures in this state to explicate farther solutions for the environmentally sound direction. 1.4 Significant of Study The purpose of the survey is to place coevals position of e-waste in Putrajaya. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and deficiency of good disposal installations cause serious job in e-waste. Therefore, the survey is required as some sensible stairss should be taken to guarantee the waste is dealt with decently by others further down of electronic and electronic user. The survey will be conducted in Putrajaya to garner the information on the public attending sing the proper direction of commercial e-waste. Questionnaire will be distributed and informations will be used as primary informations to cognize the degree of consciousness on the direction of e-waste among people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises. Respondent will be selected indiscriminately to make full the questionnaire signifier. It is aimed to place the degree of cognition on jeopardy of e-waste among communities. The intent of this research besides to cognize the effectivity of environmental ordinance in Malaysia ; hence this explanatory research which is a combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews can be used to promote the responsible organic structures to explicate farther solutions on the issues associated with e-waste. The survey is besides subjected to suggest environmentally sound direction of this scheduled waste. Literature reappraisal 2.1 Electronic waste Issue on e-waste arise as the production of electronic contraptions every bit good as its waste that generated is in high volumes. The electronic or electric devices normally contain toxic and risky metal compound inside such lead, Cd, quicksilver and Cr frequently exist in the equipment. Besides that, in some states, their local governments do non modulate the proper ways for e-wastes direction to its disposal or recycling. For most instances, e-waste can lawfully be dumped into municipal solid waste landfill site. However, recycling is an alternate for e-waste land filling in order to get the better of traffic job. This method has been popular and become concern due economical every bit good as environmental job. Disposal of e-waste either by land filling or recycling, it still necessitate to run into few environmental regulative demand. 2.2 E-waste direction system ( Regulations and guidelines ) International ordinance Soon in the planetary state of affairs, coevals, transboundary motion and disposal waste of electrical and electronic equipment are going issues of concern to solid waste direction professionals, conservationists, international bureaus and authoritiess. The most high-profile international instrument for commanding e-waste disposal is the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This Convention was initiated in order to get by legion international jobs sing risky waste trafficking. The Basel Convention was the first planetary environmental pact modulating transboundary motions and disposal of risky waste. Environmental Regulation in Malaysia In Malaysia, Department of Environment become one of the of import relevant organic structures in authorities which is responsible to set up the basic environmental rights and to implement statute law on e-waste direction. This authorities bureau which is under supervising of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment ( NRE ) carry out the aim to heighten quality of life of the people every bit good as to keep and continue the environment from pollution. Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( SWR 2005 ) is developed to supply a footing in e-waste issues that applicable to the family and industrial and sector. Regulation on e-waste was developed in 1989 was known as Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Treatment Disposal Facilities for Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations, 1989 to command on aggregation, intervention, recycling and disposal of e-waste. However, to get by the issues of this solid waste to go efficient, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations has been regulated and replaced 1989 ordinance. It categorized e-waste as scheduled wastes and makes sense Malaysia to command transboundary motion of e-waste. Currently, the authorities has provide guidelines to guarantee proper rhythm on e-waste recycling or safe disposal. Other associated ordinances and guidelines related to e-wastes under the legal power of DOE are shown below: Environmental Quality Act 1974 Environmental Quality ( Licensing ) Regulations 1977 Environmental Quality ( Schedule Waste ) Regulations 2005 Environmental ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( Amendment ) 2007 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Order 1989 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Regulations 1989 Environmental Quality ( Refrigerant Management ) Regulations 1999 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Conveyance ) ( Schedule Wastes ) Order 2005 Guidelines on Import of Scheduled Waste EG4/94, Department of Environment Guidelines on Export of Scheduled Waste EG1/93, Department of Environment Guidelines for the Classification of Used Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Malaysia. Department of Environment. 2008. 2.3 E-waste Collection Targets at Material Recovery Facilities in Malaysia In Malaysia e-waste recyclers are classified into full and partial . Full recyclers are those material recovery installations with the capacity to recycles all portion of electronic equipment they receive, while Partial recyclers are those with limited capableness to recycle all portion of e-waste they receive, that is to state that there activities are centred on renovation for reuse intent, although they besides assist in dismantlement and separation before directing to full recyclers. 2.4 Electric and electronic merchandise in the market place The way of failure to command the issues in e-waste start even before this contraption enters the market place. First, makers refuse to extinguish risky stuffs or design for disassembly. Second, authorities policies fail to keep makers responsible for end-of-life direction of their merchandises. Therefore, eventually, consumers are the unintentional receivers of a toxic merchandise abandoned by those with the greatest ability to forestall jobs. Left with few picks, consumers readily will turn to recycling and take illegal action to dispose their e-waste. The six wide classs of illegal e-waste disposal as follows: Direct illegal disposal e.g. fly tipping Use of unaccredited waste direction sites Use of unaccredited bearers, agents or waste tourers Transporting violations Mis-description of waste Unregulated recycling and other disposal activities 2.5 Report by EPA on import-export activities of e-waste In 2005, the EPA conducted a snapshot analysis of import-export of e-waste from United State into several states with legitimate disposal installation. By far the largest volume of broken CRTs reported to the EPA is exported to Malaysia. Approximately 72 per centum ( or 51 million kg ) of the exports for which the EPA received presentment are sent to one legitimate installation in Malaysia. Canada and Korea, the 2nd largest receiving systems, imported a well smaller volume of CRTs of around 16 and 10 per cent severally. Compared to these importers ( particularly Malaysia ) , Brazil imports really small ( about 1 per cent ) . Table: Estimated export volume by state ( kg ) Sum Percentage Canada ( 2 installations ) 11,174 kilogram 16.34 % Malaysia ( 1 installation ) 50,698,594 kilogram 72.45 % Brazil ( 1 installation ) 342,807 kilogram 1.03 % Korea ( 3 installations ) 7,103,175 kilogram 10.15 % Entire volume 69,319,131 kilogram Average volume 4,077,596 kilogram 2.4 Chemical substances inside e-waste Component of e-waste is really diverse and differs in the merchandises from another which may incorporate more than thousand different substances, which may fall either under risky or non-hazardous types. But, many substances contained in e-waste are considered risky waste. There are many beginnings that used for the production of electronic and electrical contraptions ; it can be either natural or man-made stuffs. For illustration, the metal such Cr which is of course happening substance is comparatively harmless in nature that used for proposes of fabrication of electronic equipment. However, it become harmful due to its toxicity if improper disposal that can consequence human wellness and the environment. The combination of these substances, along with smelting and combustion of waste, causes local air pollution and activities from acerb bath denudation will pollute land and surface H2O. These toxins besides pose possible wellness jobs including lung disease, lead toxic condition and malignant neoplastic disease. E-waste that generate the contamination including ( OIPC ) : Lead in cathode beam tubings ( CRTs ) and solder ; Arsenic in older CRTs ; Antimony trioxide as fire retardent ; Polybrominated fire retardents in fictile shells, overseas telegrams and circuit boards ; Selenium in circuit boards as a power supply rectifier ; Cadmium in circuit boards and semiconducting materials ; Chromium in steel as corrosion protection ; Mercury in switches and lodging. There are some more inside informations on some of the jeopardies posed by e-waste toxins: Arsenic Arsenic can be categorized really highly toxic metallic component. As it has entered the environment, it is wholly can non be destroyed. Exposure to this metal can do serious wellness effects because it has possible to develop assorted types of malignant neoplastic disease such skin malignant neoplastic disease, liver malignant neoplastic disease and lung malignant neoplastic disease. However, its semiconducting material is of import in transition of electric current to laser visible radiation and the arsine gas AsH3 is widely used as dopant gas in the micro chip industry. Barium Barium is besides metallic component which is frequently to organize toxic compounds when react with air. Barium as a drying agent used in sparkplugs and fluorescent lamps. Exposure to low concentration of water-soluble Ba may do take a breathing troubles, increased blood force per unit areas, tummy annoyance, encephalon puffiness and harm to the encephalons, kidney and liver. It has inclination to do palsies and human death when unmasking to high concentration of this H2O soluble Ba. Brominated fire retardents ( BFRs ) Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether, Polybrominated Biphenyl and Tetrabromobisphenol are chemicals that are added to makes fire retardant and to protect against the hazard of inadvertent fires in a broad scope of electrical and electronic equipment. However, burning of electronic contraptions incorporating this halogenated stuff cause formation toxic emanations gases such furan and dioxins which are human carcinogenic. Lead Lead is a ductile soft metal which is known has many applications and ideal as a solder. Lead-tin solder has been used widely in electronic constituents to publish wiring boards, in the glass of Cathode Ray Tubes for intents of telecasting or computing machine screens. Lead can do several unwanted effects, such as it can impact the kidneys, break of nervous systems and encephalon harm. When people exposure to high concentration of lead even within short clip period, it still has possible to do weariness, concern, coma and human death. Lead has same characteristic with quicksilver as it tend to roll up in an single being and being transferred through nutrient concatenation. Mercury Mercury is one of the most toxic with the feature of bioaccumulation. As quicksilver get entered into the environment, it cause injury to worlds wellness, quality of animate beings life every bit good as workss. It has really serious toxicant effects when unmasking to this component as it causes encephalon and liver harm if ingested or inhaled. Mercury metal has many utilizations in switches and other electrical applications. A certain sum of quicksilver is used in fluorescent lamps. Methodology The methodological analysis is a path line to near the aim of survey. In the methodological analysis subdivision, it should be planned in systematic and has a good schemes in order to obtain the of import information associated of e-waste. Good informations aggregation and analysis will construe the future state of affairs respects to the issues. This survey can be classified as initial explanatory research utilizing combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews. Some of the information is extracted by primary every bit good as secondary informations from other journalist. A study is besides conducted to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. E-waste has important environmental job, particularly in urban metropoliss since rapid alteration in engineering merchandises, low initial cost of electronic devices that cause aggressive excess of this sort of wastes in Malaysia. The electronic and electrical stores and mercantile establishments provide many sorts of merchandises to their clients such as notebooks, nomadic phones, batteries, telecastings, air conditioners, iceboxs every bit good as rinsing machines. The fix Centres and persons who generate income by mending and trouble-shooting of electronic equipment are besides subjected to make full up the questionnaire that will be distributed. 3.1 Respondent The mark respondents that will be selected in this survey are those people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises the proprietors of electrical or electrical company ; including Sellerss, resellers or retail merchants. Repair Centre every bit good as the cardinal figures in the e-waste sector which is recycling company ( Pusat Kitar Semula Capital of malaysia ) are besides subjected to be respondent in this survey. Peoples who are remaining in Putrajaya residential country will be selected indiscriminately to take part in this study in order to acquire the information from the communities on their cognition associated with e-waste. 3.2 Data Collection Activities All the respondents will be selected indiscriminately to make full questionnaire signifier. They are requested to supply the information on how they manage their e-waste every bit good as the most preferred disposal method of e-waste that are taken by respondents to prolong the environment. The study besides aimed to place on the communities knowledge degree on jeopardy of e-waste since e-waste can endanger both the environment and human wellness. The inquiry on public consciousness and general cognition about e-waste besides will be asked in the questionnaire to acquire more information from this mark group. The respondents are besides required to place the local authorities bureaus that are responsible for the planning and enforcement of regulative demands to find degree of their cognition on e-waste direction and guidelines. 3.3 Method to Analyze Data SPSS SPSS is complete statistical package bundles that used for analysing thesis and thesis informations and can convey in thesis informations from any type of file for analysis. The bundle is chiefly aimed at those that want to research jobs and features a broad scope of analytical maps. SPSS is performed to do tabulated thesis charts, studies, secret plans of distributions and tendencies, and expressive statistics, and hard statistical analysis doing usage of the information. Though SPSS appears like a really user-friendly statistical bundle since it is the easiest method to interpret the information into SPSS ; this significantly reduces the preliminary work needed to research new informations. XLSTAT XLSTAT is a Microsoft Excel circuit board. It includes over 50 maps which cover most of the demands for informations analysis and statistics, including multivariate techniques such as discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis and bunch, every bit good as a scope of arrested development techniques, goodness of fit trials and tabular sorting. Some public-service corporations have besides been included to ease charting and information use. Flow chart of methodological analysis Issue on e-waste Establish Objective A ; Scope of Study Literature Review Data Collection Questionnaire Interview Case Study Methods Respondents Public Business individuals Repair EE shop/individual Analyze the information XLSTAT SPSS Discussion Conclusion A ; Recommendation

Letter Recognition for Special Education

Letter Recognition for Special Education Letter recognition is the first skill a child needs to learn before beginning the task of learning decoding skills and then word recognition. Small children often learn to recognize the letters in their name first, and with that, they gain the understanding that letters, when put together, lead to meaning. Learning disabled children often do not. A reading disability can start anywhere on the chain that leads to reading fluency. It can often begin at the beginning: with letter recognition. Teachers sometimes make the mistake of â€Å"piling on,† trying to teach letter sounds at the same time as teaching letter recognition. Children who are clearly developmentally and intellectually ready to begin reading will quickly begin to see the relationship between letters and letter sounds. Learning disabled children will only find it confusing. Helping Learning Disabled Children with Letter Recognition: Consonants: When matching letters to pictures, stick to initial letter sounds for any letter matching and stick to one sound. Stick to the hard c and hard g. Never use â€Å"Circus† for the letter C. Never use gymnasium for the letter g. Or the vowel Y sound for the letter Y (Yellow, not Yodel.) Don’t try to get children to master the consonant sounds in the middle or final position until they are 100% with lower case d, p, b, and q. Vowels:  When teaching the vowels, stick to words that start with the short vowel sound, a is ant, not auto, aardvark, or Aspergers (none of which start with the short a sound.) Stick to short vowels, since they will be the glue for single syllable words. In Wilson Reading, a direct instruction program for reading, these are called closed syllables. Problems with Letter Orientation. Back in the 70s, reading professionals focused a lot on â€Å"dyslexia† with the belief that the primary problem was a letter or word reversal. It is true there are some children who do have a problem with letter orientation, but often learning disabled children have weak left-right orientation. We have noticed that young learning disabled children often have poor coordination and lack muscle tone. Multisensory Approaches to Letter Recognition Multi-sensory approaches are good to help learning disabled students build strong directionality. Hand over hand students who are not starting their letters correctly. This is not a place for creativity. Lower case d’s are circle stick. Lower case p’s are tail and circle. In that order. Always.   Sand writing: Wet sand in a dishpan or a wading pool. Have the children working on letter recognition make the letters as you call them out. Then give each of the children a turn to call out a letter for the others to make. Stick to one or two problem letters: b and p, g and q, or r and n. Try using a ruler for your letter bases.Pudding writing: Be sure hands are clean before initiating this activity. Tape waxed paper or clear wrap practice in on a table surface, and spoon out some chocolate (or another favorite) pudding on the paper/wrap. Have children spread the pudding out, like finger painting, and write the letters in the pudding as you call them out. Licking is allowed. Be sure to have plenty of paper towels handy.Sidewalk writing: Have your students write letters with sidewalk chalk as you call them out.Letter tag. Write letters on a hard surface playground. Stick to the ones you are focusing on. Call out a letter: anyone standing on the letter is safe. Call out another letter : the children need to run to another letter to be safe.

Agency by ratification Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agency by ratification - Assignment Example Agency is the association that exist when one party known as agent decide to represents another party known as principal in a business transaction and has power to alter the legal situation of the party they represent in an agreement with a third party Agency by ratification comes into existence if one party acted as an agent for a non existing principal, and the party claimed to be the principal actually accept to be bound by the term of the agreement as if they had actually authorized the agent to act on their behalf (Stone, 2011). Under such circumstance, the alleged principal can never disown the agreement and they indeed become the principal and agent in all legal perspectives. The agencies by ratification become legal only if the alleged principal met legal requirements of a principal at the time of acceptance of the contract (Gordley, 2001). However, under such a situation, both the principal and the other party have the right to sue the agent for the loss suffered as a result of the conducts of the agent. In order for this agreement to become effective, the alleged principal must have been in a potential to form such a relationship. For the contract to be ratified, the agent must disclose to the other party that they are actually acting as agent for the certain principal though not disclosed to that other party (Stone, 2011). Therefore, if the agent fails to state that they are acting as agent, this agreement cannot be effective. For example, in Keighley Maxted & C v Durant [1901], Keighley authorised the other business partner R to purchase weight at a specified price for their business. However, R could did not get weight at the specified price and instead decided to purchase it from Durant at a greater price. Keighley promised to accept the agreement, but later declined it. Durant challenged the decision in the court, but the House of Lords issued a verdict Keighley was no bound by the agreement due to the reason of it imposed unnecessary cost. The r egulation requires that at the time of creation of agreement, the alleged principal who will approve the agreement must be in surviving at the time the accord was being made (Gordley, 2001). This requirement aims to protect third party from entering into unlawful treaty. This is because the law has set definite terms which a person should meet before they can sign abiding agreement. Therefore, if a person alleged to be the principal could not be determined at the time of signing the agreement, then the person cannot be able to approve and adopt the contract later. For example, in Kelner v Baxter (1866) LR 2 CP 174, advertisers of a nonexistent company entered into an agreement with buyers before the company was established. After the formation of the company, those buyers purchased the wine on credit, which they never paid until the company went on liquidation. The promoters were sued, but they argued that they had acted on behalf of the company hence were not responsible (Stone, 20 11). However, CJ Erle claimed that the marketer were liable for the debt since the company was nonexistence at the time they signed the agreement with the buyers. The alleged principal must have contractual capacity to form a binding agreement at the time the treaty was being made (Gordley, 2001). For example, the person must be of sound mind at the time the contract was signed on their behalf. In Dibbins v Dibbins (1896), the solicitor applied to the court with intention of acquiring partnership property since the only surviving partner was insane (Stone, 2011). The solicitor notified the court about the state of the agent and intention o effect the agreement on their behalf. However, the notice was beyond the agreed time