5 A’s of tourism Essay

Developing a suitable combination of these factors is at the heart of tourism planning. Attractions Tourists are motivated to leave their normal place of residence (the origin market) and travel to destinations. What they are actually travelling to can be considered the attraction base of the destination area. A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities. Some examples include historical places, monuments, zoos, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (e.g. castles, libraries, former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), national parks and forests, theme parks and carnivals, ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks. Tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on unexplained phenomena such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist at tractions. Attractions also include the activities (another ‘A’) that can be undertaken at the destination. These may be physical, for example, diving and white water rafting or they may be passive, for example, sunbaking and relaxing on a beach. Access Transport is needed to physically move tourists from where they live to where they are visiting. Globally, air transport dominates the movement of  international visitors. In Australia roads and private motor vehicles serve as significant forms of access. Sealed roads offer greater opportunities for vehicle access. A healthy ground touring sector, either day or extended coach tours, is also required to serve the needs of tourists who prefer not to transport themselves. Accommodation All destinations need accommodation nearby otherwise tourists will have nowhere to sleep. This seems basic enough but investors will only invest in accommodation infrastructure if there is sufficient economic return. Many areas of Australia are blessed with excellent attractions and are readily accessible but (for a whole range of reasons) lack tourist accommodation. In recent years the market has seen a proliferation of accommodation types from basic camping and backpacking facilities to mega-resorts. Successful accommodation development, more then ever before, depends on building the right type of facility to suit the needs of a profitable segment of the market. Amenities Amenities are the services that are required to meet the needs of tourists while they are away from home. They include public toilets, signage, retail shopping, restaurants and cafes, visitor centres, telecommunications and emergency services. Because many of the amenities are government services delivered by local, state and national agencies, a high degree of co-operation is needed, particularly where tourist services may be seen to be competing with the needs of local residents. Awareness Having the best attractions, access, accommodation and amenities in the world is totally useless if the awareness factor is missing. Awareness in this sense has three meanings. Firstly, the local population must have a positive attitude (another A) toward tourism. If the local community sees â€Å"tourists as terrorists† then this will have a negative impact. Secondly, those in the front line of tourism, that is, those who directly interface with tourists must have strong, positive attitudes towards tourists. This includes the shops, post offices, road houses and the many other businesses that come in contact with tourists, not just the hotels and restaurants. In all a local community must be made aware of the value of tourism. The third plank in the  awareness platform is market awareness. The destination or more importantly, the destination’s image must be a strong, positive one and firmly implanted in the tourist’s mind

Moscow and Grand National Capital

1. How did Paris become the model for the Grand National capital city? Paris becomes a model for the Grand National capital city because of its impressive public buildings, but mostly because of the work of Haussmann. Before the transformation, Paris was extremely congested, dirty and unpleasant. It was not unified and it had a lack of an effective transportation system. After Haussmann’s work, Paris becomes a model not only within France but also internationally because of its ideal environment and power. 2. How did Haussmann transform the city in just 2 decades?What was his contribution to the economic development of Paris? Haussmann carved out boulevards through the dense city, and opened up the city. He sold land and helped finance construction of new apartment buildings. Sewer systems and clean water was brought into the city, and space was made for both circulation traffic and armies for control. He even created public restrooms for the city, along with parks and the gre en areas of the city. Because of Haussmann’s urbanization, Paris grew economically because it became a place that reflected the power of the state and a place of exporting. . Why were the advantages of the Boulevard system? What were the disadvantages? The Boulevard system created a sense of orientation for the city as well as dividing it evenly. It made transportation easier and organized the city in a way. Some disadvantages might be that some people don’t like a repetitive look of the boulevards and that it could create traffic. 4. What was the social democratic vision for Paris after World War II? What were its advantages and what were its disadvantages?The social democratic vision for Paris after World War II included things such as national healthcare, free education systems, family allowances, pensions and unemployment insurance. The development of the subways and better transportation systems were some advantages of the changes after WWII. Paris also builds new modern buildings, such as the subsidized housing buildings. However even though the housing was built for the white French people, immigrants later started to move in which caused social problems and separations 5.What are some of the problems that have emerged in recent years in Paris as a result of neo-liberalization and market orientation? What are some of the benefits? Some of the problems that have emerged recently in Paris are that there is still separation between the social classes in the suburbs and then in the city. Paris has been moving towards the more global standard of international development as opposed to a highly regulated system. Consumer choice has become more popular and this allows businesses in Paris to have more freedom in the market.

Psychological Testing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychological Testing - Term Paper Example In a recent commentary regarding President Obama’s speech in The New York Times, author Trip Gabriel briefly discussed the President’s remarks regarding the â€Å"high stakes† tests and the incited reaction from a couple of bloggers. The President remarks on how much focus is given to these tests at the expense of the curriculum. According to the article, President Obama said, â€Å"Too often, what we’ve been doing is using these tests to punish students or to, in some cases, punish schools.† A blogger for Education Week remarked that the President is going against his own government’s policies on standardized tests that involve having students go through several tests in a school year. However, the Department of Education maintains its stand on the expansion of testing. They claim that these are actually means to ease the pressure on teachers, because instead of year-end tests that normally put the blame on schools if the results are bad, st udents will be tested for their own progress more than once a year (Gabriel, â€Å"Bloggers Challenge President†). The issue here is not merely the number of tests a student has to go through, but the test itself. However, increasing the number of tests in a year increases the issues in these tests as well. Even author Alfie Kohn in his book â€Å"The Case against Standardized Testing: Raising the Scores, Ruining the Schools† explains his opposition to standardized testing. The issues STANDARDIZED TESTS 3 surrounding the tests are abound, yet articles that give adequate information on the tests are lacking. Most of the publicly available articles offer generic information on the tests, but do not really describe the content. Sometimes, the content of the test might surprise the students and their parents (Harlen, 2002, p.141). For example, in another article from The New York Times last March 16 by Jacques Steinberg entitled â€Å"For SAT Test-Takers, Is ‘The Si tuation’ the Right Answer?,† the peculiarity of a test question is discussed. The essay prompt asked the students to provide opinions regarding reality television. The executive director of the SAT test declared that the question is about pop culture and it was just a fair question to ask. People may have differing opinions on this matter. However, it sort of emphasizes the point that the scope of the exam is not widely discussed publicly, since topics such as this causes surprise from parents of test-takers (Steinberg, â€Å"For SAT Test-Takers†). Still, the presence or absence of the information is not the main topic of this paper. The issue on how necessary these tests are is the area that needs more attention. First, even though newspapers frequently quote the scores of the tests, and several experts believe that this is the best measurement for an individual’s progress, it is not the absolute standard for success (Ryan and Weinstein, 2009, p.224). Stu dents have endured more and more tests over time, yet discussion on new educational processes are not happening. The tests only force the institutions to push their students to earn higher grades, but they do not result in providing solutions to the real problems that causes low marks (Harlen, 2002, p.141). Second, Indian University Professor of Education Roger Farr states that â€Å"multiple-choice questions do not allow students to apply what they can do.†

U08d1 Patient Consent and Health Care Ethics Essay

U08d1 Patient Consent and Health Care Ethics - Essay Example h care industry it is necessary for the patients to provide consent for the medication unless the patient is in a life threatening emergency (Pozgar, 2007). In such cases the doctors are allowed to take the decision and to conduct the best possible treatment for the patient to help remove the patient from any situation threatening the life. There are also other situations where the patients cannot provide the doctors with consent and these include situations like being a minor and or being incapable of making appropriate decisions for self. There are several laws that allow the health care providers to rightfully and legally refuse to provide treatment to an individual. One of the most common refusals that doctors tend to make is that of abortion services. By law the doctors have a right to refuse an abortion procedure and even in some cases the use of contraceptives. There has also been a clause that has been passed by the government to the Federal Refusal Clause where the state, local as well as federal government may or may not provide for abortion services (Pozgar, 2007). The creation of such a law allows the doctors to take ethical decisions and does not lead to the doctors or medical care providers to be faced with a confusion of ethics versus responsibilities. There are a number of cases where the option of abortion or use of contraceptives can lead to disastrous results where it could also lead to the loss of life of the women or permanent infertility. These might be an issue of ethics for the doctors. The rights of the individuals do not get affected here as the decision of not providing treatment is based on the law (Pozgar, 2007). If a doctor does not provide a certain treatment, it is simply because it could have severe repercussions and could also lead to the loss of life of the patient. By law an individual is not allowed to take any steps that can cause harm or be a treat for their life and any such attempt can prove to be faced with a sentence.

Globalization in India and Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization in India and Brazil - Essay Example The economy of India has the features of both socialistic and capitalistic economy. The economy was stratified into sectors entirely reserved for the government and sectors reserved for the private. The government had a strict control over the business community through the licensing and reservations. The economy of India in the 1980s was mostly dependent on the foreign borrowings. "In June 1991 India's condition on foreign exchange reserves was poor and precarious. India made a proposal for a loan of US$ 2.26 billion from the IMF. In view of the destitution that the country was in, it had no alternative than to succumb to the World Bank-IMF prescription in embarking on the so-called stabilization and structural adjustment programmes as a precondition to loan. The World Bank was ready with its proposed 'Strategy for Trade Reform'. As a result, thus, India introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1991" (Mishra, 2006). India started its trade liberalization and globalization hand in hand out of compulsion to survive. As a result, the major reforms that were introduced were: The above-mentioned measures were some of the prominent introduced by the government. But these measures were heavily criticized by the conservative leftist parties. It was predicted that India would be flooded by foreign-made goods and the local industry would be crushed. Among emerging market economies, India is considered as a location of consequence for foreign firms because of prospective opportunities that arise for reasons such as the market size referred to and human resources. The high talent and relatively low cost of Indian managers can make the transfer of capabilities easier to Indian subsidiaries, reducing the need for expatriate staff and increasing the feasibility of using Indian subsidiaries as an export platform (Cable, 1995). Though globalization in India had its bumps, the economy is now reaping the benefits of globalization. The economy has become stronger and Indian co mpanies have started to set up operations based out of India( Chibber, 1999). Though globalization was able to give the much-needed boost to the docile economy, the benefits of the process are mostly enjoyed by the urban mass and there are very little benefits enjoyed by rural India. Globalization in Brazil Brazil is a growing economy in its path of development through its effective globalization initiatives. According to Richard L. Harris, in order for globalization to occur, a country must partake in a global process of cross-border flows of products, services, capital, people and information(Harris, 2005). The three most prominent areas of change in the Brazilian economy are the agricultural changes, military weapons development, and overseas construction. (Sanchez, 2005). Before globalization, Brazil was concentrating on its only cash crop, Sugar.  Ã‚  

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 106

Summary - Essay Example For instance, in order to justify its allegations, Russia argues that men in masks attacked and opened fire on peaceful demonstrators in the city of Kharkiv injuring some people. The statement said that some Russian journalists had been arrested and detained in the city of Dnipropetrovsk, which implies that Western countries and the new government in Ukraine were not committed to media freedom (Reuters, n.p). Despite the outcry from the Russian government, Ukrainian foreign ministry refuted the allegations asserting that they were irrational and unfounded (Reuters, n.p). It refuted that law officers have fired shots on peaceful demonstrators and no demonstrator had been injured in the Eastern City of Kharkiv. In addition, the statement confirmed that no journalist or media personnel had been arrested and detained as alleged by the Russian government. Russia has been accused of attacking Ukraine in an attempt to guard Russians living there. For example, eyewitnesses in Easter Ukraine who watch media freedom argued that after visiting Crimea, they realized that Russia orchestrated violence in the region in order to justify their reasons for invading

Business idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business idea - Essay Example Parents are the primary customers since they shall be giving the orders, remitting the payments, and providing the specifications that the company is required to meet, although target for the services offered are the children to be served in their schools. The target population is expected to grow at a rate of 1.7% per annum, and consists of 18.2% of the total population stratified on the basis of age. The social benefit provided by the firm is the chance it affords parents and schools to prevent the rise of childhood obesity by making healthier choices for their children’s food. Technological advances enable the firm to acquire orders and specification is a speedy and systematic way, which in turn helps the company to plan ahead and minimize wastage while maximizing customer satisfaction. Distribution and logistics are vital to the business because of the need to avoid spoilage and ensure the customer gets his/her order on time and in top condition. The firm’s financial forecasts show it to be highly tenable, and the needed capital may be raised by equity financing and bank loans. The business concept proposes to provide healthy cafeteria and canteen foods for schoolchildren within their school. The idea of providing for a healthy cafeteria food service for the larger schools, and canteen services for smaller schools, came from an insight developed from ‘Serious Eats,’ from a periodically updated website on the Internet which monitors school lunches in Australia (Serious Eats, 2013). According to the article, lunch cafeterias are few in Australia, and there are places where none exist. There are canteens where children can buy what they want from the menu choices each day. Where these facilities exist, however, the price is expensive (AUD 6 for small containers of the hot foods). 2.2 Service concept: The service extends to the parents who have contact with the lunch provider

Virgin Group Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Virgin Group Company - Essay Example The Virgin Group is considered to be one of the world’s Superbrands, receiving regular industry-generated rewards and accolades for establishment of a successful business model built on effective marketing promotion. Maintaining presence in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, this multi-national organization maintains significant brand recall and recognition worldwide that gives it many new market entry advantages for foreign direct investment. A Virgin Group Company, Virgin Galactic, was founded in 2004 under the premise of providing space tourism to consumers whilst also advancing aerospace knowledge through a business model that supports space-based research. Virgin Galactic is currently working under a multitude of partnerships with reputable agencies such as NASA to develop space-faring tourism vehicles slotted for launch in 2013. The company’s founder, Sir Richard Branson, is currently doling out millions of Pounds to license Virgin Galactic produ cts and services, attempting market entry in the United States for this revolutionary and innovative brand supported by Virgin Group superbrand status. This report highlights the impact of globalisation in this new market, the competitive advantages gained through this new business model, and provides a critical evaluation of market entry strategy developed by Virgin Group and Richard Branson. 2. The dynamics of Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is still in the development and construction phases in the space tourism industry. In 2009, Virgin Group contracted with Aabar Investments PJSC in the United Arab Emirates in which the company agreed to invest $280 million USD to assist in developing the space tourism industry (Space News 2009). Aabar Investments took a 32 percent ownership in Virgin Galactic, making them one of the largest venture capitalists supporting the Virgin brand. NASA, an American space organisation, also invested over 1.5 billion dollars to rent lab space in suborbit al vessels and for contract to resupply the International Space Station upon launch of Virgin Galactic’s service (Del Castillo 2012). The space tourism industry is an untapped market, an innovation from conception to actual impending launch. To facilitate all of the operational components necessary to achieve a viable space tourism business model, Virgin Galactic must invest considerable capital resources. This involves establishing a cost effective and efficient supply chain consisting of multiple vendors in multiple industries (e.g. technology, metallurgy, software support systems, etc.). Virgin Galactic is currently developing an entire fleet of space tourism vehicles, each vessel maintaining its own focus for research and development as well as consumer-centric tourism services. The United States represented the most viable market for entry due to the ease of distribution supported by a vast and well-developed distribution infrastructure in the country and the consumer in terest in space tourism as a potential lifestyle enhancement. To achieve the return on investment required on preliminary capital expenditures in the billions of dollars, Virgin Galactic had to identify a target market that would provide the best opportunity for revenue production upon launch of the tourism model. Figure 1: Ghemawat + AAA strategic framework applicable to Virgin Galactic Source: Ning, L. (2012). The most important

How democracy is related to economic development Essay

How democracy is related to economic development - Essay Example Marx gave as example the histories of both England and France proved that economic development brought about democracy. Marx and his loyal fans, both within the bourgeoisie class, owned property and engaged in business as capitalists and entrepreneurs. Consequently, the bourgeoisie class led to the toppling of the prior authoritarian government, a replacement transition mode (Sfsu, 2014). The toppling resulted to the creation of democratic governments. The prior government was toppled because its policies ran smack against the very grain of laissez faire or free enterprise business concepts, based on transition theories (Sfsu, 2014). Likewise, Max Weber insisted that the fall of the profitability or viability of the bourgeoisie leaders to retain the economic development led to the destruction of the German democratic government. In the same light, Moore espoused the peasants contributed to the establishment of democratic government. The philosophers had espoused economic development leads to a better political communication environment. Further, Laothamatas adhered to Mr. S M. Lipset’s emphasis that an economically developed society will trigger the people to push for the implementation of a democratic state. The above article affirms the concept indicating economic development leads to viable democracy. M. K. Marx affirmed this concept. The bourgeoisie helped establish the economically viable democracy movements. Economic development priorities often led to free political elections within a democratic government. The reading affirms economic development contributes to the establishment and retention of democracy (Lipset, 1959, p 75). The economic wealth or status of the nation affects the nation’s democratic aspirations. Compared to a nation that is burdened with a low or bankrupt economy, a well to do nation (rich) has a better

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Jean Piaget’s and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s theories on cognitive development both play a significant role in addressing the intellectual growth of children (Lain, 2006). Psychologists and educators alike, rely on these theories in constructing the standards by which children are being brought up and taught today. Essentially, cognitive development is the process by which our intellectual ability grows and progresses. Slavin (2003), maintains that cognitive development, â€Å"is the gradual and orderly changes that occur making ones mental process more complex and sophisticated† (as cited in Lain, 2006, Cognitive Development section, para. 1). As the children’s learning process is crucial to the development of their learning ability and critical thought process, educators must have a good grasp of these theories to fully address the children’s individual learning needs. Jean Piaget’s theory is marked by several developmental stages that define the child’s corresponding cognitive level. On the other hand, Lev Vygotsky developed the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) based on the assumption that children learn more quickly under the guidance of a more experienced adult (Maccarelli, 2006). Considered as constructivists, both renowned theorists believed that children learn by formulating new ideas by combining old ones. The Hawaii Department of Education E-School also claims that, â€Å"constructivists believe that learning is affected by the context in which an idea is taught as well as by students beliefs and attitudes† (as cited in Davison, 2006, Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory section, para. 1). As society determines the amount of knowledge a child gains, it also sets the limit to the students’ cognitive development. However, the principal ideas between the two theorists vary greatly. Piaget strongly believed that learning occurs after development. He indicated that a child will start the learning process after the child has reached a certain developmental stage. Contrarily, Vygotsky claimed that the child develops as a result of learning. Furthermore, Vygotsky placed a large amount of emphasis on the importance of outside influence to the child’s overall cognitive development, where as Piaget barely acknowledged the significance of outside influence on the child’s development in his theorems. Moreover, while Piaget’s theory has four distinct and set standards of development, Vygotsky’s theory does not support predetermined stages at all. Instead, he stressed the importance of private speech and ZPD on the child’s development. Living in a society that is an integration of multiple cultures, classified by age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status, each of us is a product of our social interactions to these various cultures. If we examine Vygotsky’s theory, a large part of a child’s development is placed on the input of others, it is therefore reasonable to assume that a multicultural society places a great deal of input on the child’s development. However, since a child’s development is limited to his or her surroundings, and his thoughts and ideas mainly influenced by that of his early caregivers, sometimes the child is not exposed to different cultures other than his own. This gives rise to multicultural issues that we see nowadays. And as the study of multicultural psychology is greatly concerned with exploring, understanding, and appreciating the differences in culture, based on Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theory, these multicultural issues could be avoided if children are exposed or introduced to diverse cultures early in life. References Davison, B. (2006). Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/94974/piaget_vs_vygotsky_the_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Lain, (2006). Cognitive Development: A Comparison Between the Work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/41531/cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Maccarelli, S. (2006). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: The Socio-Cultural Perspective. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/29997/vygotskys_theory_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Uncgrad, (2006). Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/452881/piagets_stages_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4

The History Of Education In Malaysia

The History Of Education In Malaysia According to Oxford Dictionaries, philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. The term philosophy is derived from two Greek words that are philosophia, which consist of the root phileo and Sophia. The meaning of phileo is to love and sophia means wisdom. It is very important for Malaysia which is a developing country to have its own philosophy of education. Therefore, National Philosophy of Education (NPE) has been enacted in 1998 based on basis documents and national ideology. From a historical perspective, NPE born from a long process which is a nation building process since the independence of Malaysia. Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonic, based on a firm belief in and devotion to god. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the harmony and betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large. According to the NPE, there are eight elements of national philosophy of education. Firstly, education is an on-going effort which brings the meaning of education emphasis on life-long learning. Life-long learning is needed because individuals knowledge is ever-changing as there is no absolute knowledge of each individual. It is important for individuals to adapt to the change of times and new development such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), economy and other current issues. Life-long learning encourages individuals to develop their personal skills and knowledge. Secondly, holistic and integrated manner is the universal body of knowledge which must be taught by the teachers and learnt by the students. It is important to develop the individuals potential and abilities in a holistic and integrated manner. This is because talents, potentials and abilities do not develop separately as they are related and co-ordinated and do not compete with each other. The development of the individual and their improvement should properly include the four aspects which are physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual. Besides, firm belief and devotion to God is a must for individuals regardless what their religion is. It is an element of the existence and role of the religion. b) CURRICULUM According to the Ministry of Education, in the Malaysian context, curriculum means all programs that were carried out by a school or educational institution to achieve the target of education. Curriculum is a well-organized plan that includes academic and non-academic activities which include the educational objectives, the experience of planned and the evaluation of student achievement. It is a plan that covers all the knowledge, skill, values and norms of cultural elements and beliefs of the society to be transferred to their inheritance. Curriculum can be divided into three which are curriculum as a programme that has been planned and implemented in schools, curriculum as a programme designed and practically implemented in the classroom and curriculum is filling of a culture of life-long learning and individual and group experience. The main components in a curriculum are the contents of the curriculum, the objectives of the curriculum, the learning and teaching activities and the assessment process of curriculum. Teachers play an important role in the implementation of the curriculum that includes interpreting, plan, modify and implement the curriculum. c) SUBJECTS Malaysia has undergone three curriculums of primary education so far since the country got the independence. The three concepts of primary education are Old Primary School Curriculum (KLSR), New Primary School Curriculum or Integrated Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) and Standard Primary School Curriculum (KSSR). Old Primary School Curriculum (KLSR) was the first curriculum that has been used and was implemented during 1960. It was the first phase of the implementation of the plan that has been enacted in the education system in the Education Act 1961. In this phase, the educational system was oriented to eliminate the literacy among students. The assessment was the important aspect in KLSR so it has many types of assessment such as Ujian Lisan Bahasa Melayu (LCE) which then has been removed and replaced by Sijil Rendah Pelajaran (SRP) on 1978, Ujian Diagnostik Darjah Tiga and Assessment Test Standard Five. However, it had lots of weaknesses such as the content of its syllabus had repetition and was not related to each other so it was hard to be implemented well. Besides, the syllabus was too much and made students bored in the classroom. The co-curriculum activity was also separated and was not related to the formal curriculum in the classroom. This concept was abolished since there were too many feedbacks that wanted the curriculum to be changed. The new curriculum was New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) which has been introduced in 1982 after the Cabinet Committees Report made a change on the Implementation of Education Policy. KBSR was fully implemented in 1983 and the name was changed to Integrated Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) on 1993. Even the name was changed but its content was still the same. Its curriculum written was based on learning outcomes. KBSR had its objectives which students master the Bahasa Melayu at satisfactory level besides stress on 3Rs basic skills that were reading, writing and arithmetic. KBSRs curriculum design was based on three areas and its materials were study syllabus. Its principles were integrated approach, one education for all, life-long learning and holistic development of individual. An examination that has been carried out was the National Examination (UPSR). Unfortunately, it had its cons although it had brought positive changes in Malaysias education. A few of KBSR principles had not implemented well in the teaching and learning process because it has been focused more on achieving grade As in the examination. So, the objective to develop excellent individuals was not achieved as they were not learning to gain more knowledge, experiences and skills but learnt to prepare for the examination only. Phase I, Malay Language, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics, Islamic Education, Moral Education, Music Education, Art Education and Physical and Health Education Phase 2-Malay Language, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Islamic Education, Moral Education, Science, Local Studies, Living Skills, Music Education, Art Education and Physical and Health Education The concept of KBSR has been replaced by Standard Primary School Curriculum (KSSR) that was implemented in 2011. In KBSR, it focussed on 3Rs but KSSR focussed on 4Rs basic skills which reasoning was being add-on. However, KSSR still acquired basic skills in every student same as in KBSR which also practiced the moral values. Its curriculum written was a little bit different from KBSR which it was based on content and learning standards. KSSRs curriculum materials were curriculum standard documents and its design was based on six areas as communication was still being carried out. It evaluates students by National examination (UPSR) and school-based assessment. A basic core modules that are taught in KSSR for phase 1 are Malay Language, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics, Islamic Education, Moral Education and Physical and Health Education. The core module themes are Visual Art and Music, Science and Technology World and Malaysia Negaraku. The elective modules for this phase are Chinese or Tamil Language for Primary School, Arabic and Iban Language. In phase 2 there are respective modules that categorized each subject. The modules are communicated; elective communication; spiritual attitude and values; physics and aesthetics; science and technology; and humanity. Subjects for each module are Malay Language, English Language, Chinese Language and Tamil Language; Chinese or Tamil Language for Primary School, Arabic, Iban, Semai or Kadazandusun Language; Islamic and Moral Education; Physical and Health Education, Music or Visual Arts Education; Mathematics, Science and Design and Technology; and History or Malaysia Negaraku. Before a new concept is implemented, a trial will be conducted for a given period until there is a command to run the concept or else, the trial will be stopped if it is not suitable to students need. In conclusion, the curriculum will always change over time. There is no wrong to make a difference or change because change for the better is well recommended. As it will change with time, it will always be improved for students to have a better education in order to form a good community besides gives advantages to the country. d) ROLE OF NPE AND CURRICULUM TO SCHOOL e) ROLE OF NPE AND CURRICULUM TO TEACHERS f) ROLE OF NPE AND CURRICULUM TO STUDENTS ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOL Teachers Day Celebration Teachers Day is celebrated on 16th of May every year as a sign to appreciate the teachers contributions in developing the human capital that is essential in the construction of society. Teachers are also known as social architects because they are not only providing education and imparting knowledge but they are also serving to realize the transformation of education based on the NPE. There are six objectives of the celebration of teachers day in Malaysia that are emphasizing the role of teachers in nation building including unity and integration, national development and community service. Besides, it is celebrated to attract the attention of parents, students and the public on the important role of teachers in the Malaysian society and fostering a sense of professional cohesion and goodwill among the teachers. Teachers day celebration can raise the prestige and status of teachers in the community. It is also to provide opportunities for teachers to develop competencies through semi nars and conferences held on Teachers Day. Objectively assess the role of a teacher with a backdrop of Malaysia and to take steps so that more effective role. The celebration of teachers day is organized by the teachers charity organization. The day began with an official assembly filled with programme such as sing the National Anthem Song, the State Song, the school Song and Guru Malaysia Song. Besides, the headmaster will read special deputations from the Prime Minister and the Minister of Education which the texts are related to the theme of the Teachers Day Celebration. Every year, the theme of the Teachers Day Celebration will be changed. A variety of exciting events have been organized by the school after the assembly in order to enliven the celebration and enhance the friendly feeling among teachers and teachers, teachers and students also students and students. Sports Day The growth of outstanding child is formed from a combination of intellectual, physical, spiritual, emotional and social potential as it is contained in the National Philosophy of Education. Hence, for the development of a balanced human being, then the school will hold a sports day to lead to the formation of the balanced human being. It is implemented with the parents collaboration to strengthen the social relationship with the community. The goals of the Sports Day is to produce excellent students who are balanced in terms of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social development in line with the NPE. Furthermore, the objectives are to fulfil the students need in sports and recreation, to produce individuals who always compete others in good ways and to foster the spirit of cooperation and working together as a team. In addition, Sports Day is to find the students talents in sports to higher levels and choose students to represent the school to the MSSD Championship. T he sports day will be on February or March and two events will be held that are field events and track events. There are three field events that are high jump for students under 12 and under 10, broad jump for students under 12, shot put for boys and girls students under 12 and 10 with the same weight that is 2.72 kg. The track events are 80 m and 200 m for boys under 12, 80 m for boys under 10, for girls under 12 the track will be 80 m and 200 m while girls under 10 will be 80 m only. There are also 80 m hurdles for students under 12, 2000 m walk for boys and girls under 12, 4100 m and 4200 m for students under 12 and 50 m relay for students under 12. Before the sports day, a selection day will be held to choose the best students among the rest to represent their team. The State of Education Department will provide an allocation to conduct the sports day. Independence Day The Independence Day of Malaysia was on 31st of August 1957 and we as Malaysian will celebrate the day every year as it is a public holiday on that day. The programme also is celebrating in school to inspire the spirit of independence in teachers as well as in students in order to recognize the importance of Independence Day celebrations. Engender a sense of pride and love for the nation and put self-interest above national interest among the school is one of the objectives of the celebration. Secondly, produce schools community that is responsible as citizens of Malaysia to maintain independence, adopted a patriotic behaviour and proud toward the countrys independence. Lastly, Independence Day can create a sense of unity and lasting peace and continuous among the school from different races, religions and customs. The Independence Day began with an assembly filled with programme such as sing the National Anthem Song and Independence Song such as, Tanggal 31, Anak Malaysia and Jalur Gemilang. In addition, there will be a film showing on an independence movie that is Leftenan Adnan and a slide show on the history of the Independence Day of Malaysia by using a projector in a hall. The figures of the Independence Day will be called to share their experiences during the colonial period. Furthermore, there will be performances from students and the performances must be about the Independence Day. Language Month Language Month that organized by the Malay Language subject panels was held in school to feature students talent especially at school level, region, district, state and national level. This could indirectly produce students who are brave and confident with their own abilities. Hopefully with the availability of this month, the students will understand and love the Malay Language as it is an important language and should be learned in depth. Language months objectives are to provide an opportunity for students to express their talents and to be featured to higher level. Besides, it is to test the students understanding of their knowledge related to Malay Language, to encourage them to compete in a good way to get the best place, particularly in relation to language and to produce students who are competent in the field of language. There are many competitions that will be held during this month such as story telling competition that all students can taking part in it, poetry competiti on for students above 10 and essay writing competition also for students above 10 and there will be prizes for the winners. Co-curriculum Day Co-curriculum Day is a must event in most of schools in Malaysia and no date adjusted for every school by the department hence, schools can freely choose their date to organize this programme. The goal of the Co-Curriculum Day is intended to achieve some goal which is growing nature work together, compromise, and the bond of unity among students and teachers, produce potential future leaders among pupils and to improve the school environment more exciting and cheer the students in order to produce a superior school culture. Co-Curriculum Day objective is to encourage students active and interested in co-curricular activities organized by the school or a particular party. Among them are fostering unity works in a group association, club or uniform units, to produce students of the utmost caliber and dedication and ability to be a caliber leader. Last but not least, to encourage pupils to work in the aspect of leadership can foster an attitude and discipline. Among the activities that will be held are sales booths, books exhibition, national anti-drug exhibition, marching by uniform units and telematches. ACTIVITIES IN CLASSROOM I have made an interview with a teacher from SK Putrajaya Presint 9(2) about the way she handle students in the classroom. Based on the interview and my experience, students find hands-on activities are more exciting than lecture-based style learning and they tend to focus more on that. Quiz Quiz is a test of knowledge, especially as a competition between individuals or teams as a form of entertainment or asks someone questions according to the Oxford Dictionary. Classroom quiz shows can be beneficial to students for many reasons. Short quiz at the beginning of each class is usually preferred by teachers in their classroom. Short quiz is beneficial for students for many reasons because it helps students to focus and develop their essential problem-solving skills as certain lecture. It is not just a quiz because it is also an emergency motivation for students. It is a very effective motivation as it can increase the students effort and their learning outcomes as well as for those who have low motivation and have high intelligence. Discussion The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas is the definition of discussion based on Oxford Dictionary. Learning Field Trip Debate Games